- 會議論文
台灣女性參與運動面面觀
Observations about Taiwanese Women's Sport Participation
摘要
本文旨在從社會面及心理面來探討影響台灣女性參與運動的因素，並就身體保健的角度來強調女性規律運動的重要性，再從女性參與運動的阻礙因素中，提出促進女性參與運動的方法。從文獻探討中得知，影響台灣女性參與運動的因素，就社會面來看，從母系社會到父系社會的性別角色演變，影響了女性參與運動的權利；對女性的性別刻板印象，也影響了女性參與運動的機會；而由男性所主導的社會結構中，有關運動的一切規劃，也是以男性爲主，較爲忽略女性的需求。就心理層面而言，自我效能高的女性，參與運動的意願較高；對運動所知覺的利益，因人而有程度上的差異，就女性而言，多半將健身列爲優先；女性參與運動的知覺阻礙，則有時間、友伴及運動設備等因素。多數女性參與運動將健身視爲優先的利益，許多研究也證實規律的運動得以預防慢性疾病，而阻礙台灣女性參與運動的因素仍普遍存在，包括傳統文化對於女性參與運動的限制；性別刻板印象不利女性參與運動；運動結構長久以來男多於女的現象；傳播媒體偏重男性運動的報導，女性參與運動的報導較少，這些都會降低女性參與運動的機會與意願。要促進女性參與運動，提昇運動人口，唯有政府投入充足的資源；學校落實性別平等教育，鼓勵女學生參與運動；企業及媒體的重視與推廣；家庭及女性本身積極的參與，結合各個層面的力量，爲促進女性參與運動而努力。
並列摘要
The purpose of this paper is to confer the related factors of participation in women's sport in sociology and psychology. In addition, this paper puts emphasis on regular exercise for health and brings up some ways to promote women's sport participation from the obstructive factors. By the way of reviewing the literature, in society, we found the evolution of gender role departing from matriarchy deprived of the right of participation in women's sport. Gender stereotyping al so influenced the opportunities of participation in women's sport. Men play the leading roles in social structure and most of the sport programs ignore women's demands. In aspect of psychology, the higher self-efficiency a woman has, the stronger desire of participation in sport she has. The degrees of benefits of sport are different from each person. However, most of women regard health as prior benefit of sport. No time, lack of partners and sport facilities hinder women from participating in sport. A lot of researches prove that regular exercise helps to prevent from chronic diseases, nevertheless, the obstructive factors of the participation in women's sport still exist widely. Women's participation in sport is not only hindered by traditional culture, but also obstructed by gender stereotyping. The amount of men is more than that of women in sport structure. Mass media lay particular stress on men's sport. The factors as above reduce the opportunities and desire of participation in women's sport. In order to promote women's sport and increase the participants, our government has to invest in enough resources; schools carry out the gender equality education and encourage girls to participate in sport; enterprises and mass media put emphasis on women's sport; families and women themselves participate in sport actively. It is necessary to combine the effort of all aspects to promote women's sport.