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冠狀病毒感染冠狀病毒疾病
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Vietnam Nguyen Thi Kim Anh*, Department of Psychology, Van Lang University, Vietnam Mai Kim . Therefore, this topic of community is of interest to many researchers (Do Quynh Anh, Tran Ngoc
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2418 Cuc Thi Kim Nguyen et al. to determine dimensional tolerances for gloves based on 2420 Cuc Thi Kim Nguyen et al. pivotal points ( p20 to p21; p22 to p23; p24 to p25; p25
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Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is identified as the leading cause of cervical cancer that is the second most common cancer of females in the world. WHO stated nearly all cases of cervical cancer can be attributable to HPV infection, especially high-risk HPV types 16 and 18. However, many married females in Vietnam rural areas do not have knowledge of HPV prevention. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a community-based intervention on knowledge and practice of HPV prevention among married females aged 15-49 in rural areas, Vietnam Methodology: This study used a quasi-experimental design that included one intervention commune (Chilinh, Haiduong) and one control commune at other province (Thanhthuy, Phutho). Two independent samples of pre- and post-intervention at each commune were selected. Sample size of the study was calculated by using a formula to estimate the difference between two population proportions. As a result, 317 and 334 and 320 and 335 married females were respectively selected in intervention and control commune at pretest and posttest period. A mixed-method approach was conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative information from study participants. The study used Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour, and PRECEDE-PROCEED model to build up a logical framework for evaluating potential factors affecting knowledge and practice of HPV prevention of females and developing intervention strategies. A difference-of-differences (DID) analysis approach was used to evaluate the effects of this intervention program. Results: The intervention strategy of this study was to train healthcare workers at commune health centres, health collaborators at villages, and members of Women's Union for knowledge of HPV prevention and communication skills. These three groups then communicated with married females by using several communication methods such as leaflets, brochures, posters, loudspeakers, meetings, and quiz games. The DID analysis identified that the intervention had a significant change of knowledge of HPV prevention among married females after the intervention (OR=2.2, CI95% 1.3 - 3.6), but no any significant change of practice of HPV prevention (e.g. condom use, numbers of sexual partner, HPV vaccination and screening test for cervical cancer). This might be caused by a short intervention program that did not lead to changes of practice, but only change of knowledge. Conclusion: Communication interventions contribute to enhance knowledge of HPV prevention among married females at rural areas. These interventions need to be maintained to change their practice. This leads to HPV prevention behaviour more positive in the future.
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Background and Objectives: A comprehensive nutritional management is necessary for favourable outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to assess the changes in nutritional status and disease progression with nutritional management where renal replacement therapy (RRT) was not in place. Methods and Study Design: A quasi-experiment intervention was conducted on 70 CKD patients at stages 3-5 from July to December 2022. Participants were excluded if they underwent RRT, including dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), or kidney transplantation. The nutritional regimen covered nutritional counseling, samples of the dietary menu, and supplement products. We evaluated nutritional status using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) scale and sub-clinical blood test at T0 (hospital admission) and T1 (two weeks after the admission or 24 hours before the discharge). Results: After the intervention, the number of patients classified as malnutrition or at risk of malnourished reduced significantly (65.7% to 54.3% and 25.7% and 5.7%, respectively). The serum concentration of urea, creatinine and parathyroid hormone decreased remarkably, especially in patients receiving nutritional management. In the intervention group, the dietary pattern provided increased intakes of calcium and iron at T1, while phosphorus, sodium and potassium decreased after follow-up. Nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, tiredness and sleep disorders were improved in the intervention compared to the control group. Conclusions: Nutritional therapy enhanced the nutritional status, and quality of dietary and renal function in CKD patients without RRT. Applying nutrition education and treatment at an early stage can slow CKD progression, which should be applicable elsewhere in Vietnam.
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Huong Thi Nguyen; Anh Kim Dang; Huong Thi Le; Methodology: Lan Huong Thi Nguyen; Anh Kim Dang; Giang Thu Nguyen; Huong Thi Le; Formal analysis: Anh Kim Dang; Anh Minh Tran; Tien
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目的：为了解住院病人营养不良的状况，对越南河内市巴赫麦医院的住院儿童和成人采用人体测量法测定营养不良发生率。方法：对儿科病房、外科病房、重症监护室、肾病病房、消化科病房、呼吸科病房以及内分泌科病房的病人进行单日横断面调查。排除无法参与的患者以及24小时内出院的患者。人体测量数据包括体重、身高（身长）以及上臂围。营养不良的类型、程度以及发生率均遵照WHO标准。结果：调查对象为108名6个月到18.9岁的儿童571名成年病人。儿童消瘦率（体重身高比≤-2 SD或者BMＩ≤-2 SD，kg/m^2）为19.0%（n= 19/100），生长迟缓率（身高年龄比）为13.9%（n=14/101）。6-59月龄的儿童严重消瘦率（上臂围＜11.5 cm或者身高体重比和身高身长比≤-3 SD）为7.0%（n=3/43）。没有一个儿童的身高体重比和身高身长比或者BMI达到肥胖标准。成人的营养不良（BMI＜18.5 kg/m^2）率为33.3%（n=141/423），而肥胖（BMI ≥30 kg/m^2）率为0.9%（n=4/423）。成人中呼吸科营养不良病人较多，为40.9%（n=38/93）。结论：与已发表的报道想比，此项住院病人队列中营养不良率较高，特别是成年人，不管儿童还是成人患者几乎不存在肥胖者。
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背景与目的：越南手术患者的营养状况和院内喂养方式没有被详细记录。根据巴赫麦医院的一个横断面研究，在外科病房应用体质指数（BMI＜18.5kg/m^2）所判定的营养不良患病率为33%。我们在越南河内巴赫麦医院的对胃肠（GI）外科病房的喂养方法进行了观察研究。方法与研究设计：来自美国和越南国家营养研究所的调查员从巴赫麦医院招募72名入院进行择期胃肠手术的患者参与了这项观察性研究。记录基线人体测量指标及其随时间的变化，体质指数，主观整体评估（SGA），从入院到出院经口摄食、管饲喂养和肠外营养的每日能量和蛋白质的摄入量。结果：共有50%的研究对象SGA得分为B或C，48%的研究对象BMI＜18.5，而平均的上臂围为正常水平偏低（24±4 cm）。几乎所有的患者（98%）在术后给予肠外营养，平均术后4天给予经口喂养，只有一个病人是管饲喂养。住院期间，平均每天总能量摄入为15 kcal/kg/day，蛋白质摄入为0.61 g/kg/day，接受肠外营养者极少补充微量元素。结论：越南手术患者住院期间营养不良是一个重要问题，围手术期患者出现喂养不理想和术后早期应用肠内营养是常规。
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