Abstract In the laboratory, the development, longevity, fecundity, and population parameters of the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, were studied at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35℃) on seedlings of the asparagus bean, Vigna sesquipedalis (L.) Fruw. Results showed that the developmental time of immatures was decreased shortened from 28.1 days at 10℃ to 4.2 days at 30℃. According to the linear regression analysis of development rate and temperature between 10 and 30℃, overall immature development required 97.2 day-degrees above 7.4℃. Adult longevity decreased from 42.2 days at 15℃ to 6.2 days with increasing temperature to 35℃, at which temperature the average progeny per female was more than 82 individuals, up from 15 at 25℃. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were the lowest at 10℃ (r = 0.0437/d, λ = 1.0447/d), and the highest at 30℃ (r = 0.4330/d, λ= 1.5419/d). The population reared at 25℃ had the highest net reproductive rate (R0 = 97.1 offspring/female). The mean generation time (T) decreased as the temperature increased from 41.1 days at 10℃ to 8.3 days at 35℃.
摘要 以長豇豆 (Vigna sesquipedalis (L.) Fruw.) 苗飼育黑豆蚜 (Aphis craccivora Koch)，於實驗室中觀察六個不同定溫處理 (10、15、20、25、30及35℃，光週期12L: 12D) 對若蚜發育時間、成蚜壽命及繁殖、族群介量之影響。結果顯示若蚜的發育時間由10℃的28.1天縮短至30℃的4.2天。根據10~30℃的發育速率與溫度的直線迴歸分析，估算未成熟期的發育臨界低溫為7.4℃，總積溫為97.2 DD (day-degree)。成蟲壽命由15℃的42.2天縮短至35℃的6.2天，而繁殖率在15~25℃下可達82 (子代/♀) 以上。最小內在增殖率 (r) 為10℃的0.0437/天，最大為30 oC的0.4330/天；終極增長率 (λ) 由10℃的1.0447/天增加至30℃的1.5419/天。在25℃下的族群具有最高之淨增殖率 (R0) 為97.1 (子代/♀)。平均世代時間 (T) 隨著溫度升高而由10℃的41.1天縮短至35℃的8.3天。
| Key words: Aphis craccivora, population parameters, asparagus bean, temperature, development | | 關鍵詞: 黑豆蚜、族群介量、長豇豆、溫度、發育 |
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