Abstract Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang induces leaf galls that reduce fruit quality and quantity by blocking leaf photosynthesis. Pest biology is the key information required to develop pest control strategies. Little is known regarding the biology of P. robusta in Taiwan. Therefore, this study established various biological data for integrated pest management of P. robusta. These data included the developmental stages of P. robusta and its gall, galling site preference and gall physical features. The gall developmental stages of corresponding to those of insects are as follows: (1) initiation stage of gall corresponding to egg and first instar of the midge, (2) gall growth and differentiation stage to the second instar of midge larvae, (3) gall maturation stage to the third instar larvae and pupae, and (4) gall dehiscence stage
to adult midge. The apparent stages of gall development could be an indicator of the developmental stages of P. robusta in the field. Regarding galling site preference, gall number of adaxial sides of the leaves (99.8%, n=13,251) were preferred over the abaxial sides. Pairwise comparison of galls on branches revealed a preference for sun-facing branches over rear branches; moreover, galls with first and third (mean >600) shoots had a higher mean than those with second and fourth shoots (mean <55). These findings indicated that the female sex is specific to the ovipositional site and preferences could be affected by light and the corresponding host-shooting time. No significant evapotranspiration differences were observed between the nongalled (2.5 ul) and a galled (2.7 ul) leaf groups (P=0.68). In the maturation stage, galls had higher resistance to weight and piercing than in the growth and differentiation stages, possibly because of the increasing degree of lignification during the gall development.
摘要 檬果壯鋏普癭蚋 (Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang) 藉由取食葉片組織形成蟲癭，導致葉片光合作用面積減少，致使檬果質量降低。害蟲的生物學資料為防治策略的發展基石，然而檬果壯鋏普癭蚋的生物學資料仍稀闕，本文針對此一造癭害蟲及其蟲癭發育時期、分布狀況與物理特性等多個面向進行研究，提供作為發展害蟲綜合防治之參考。研究結果顯示，(1) 蟲癭與癭蚋的發育時期密切相關，可藉由蟲癭形態變化，關聯造癭者的發育齡期，進而掌握田間害蟲的族群發育時期。檬果壯鋏普癭蚋的蟲癭發育時期所對應的癭蚋發育時期為：蟲癭的初始形成期對應造癭者的卵至1 齡幼蟲期、成長發育期對應2 齡幼蟲期、成熟定型期對應3 齡幼蟲期至蛹期、離癭開裂期對應成蟲期；(2) 蟲癭分布偏好於葉面 (99.8%，n=13,251) 及向陽面葉片，此外，各叢葉的蟲癭數量顯示第一及第三葉叢的數量 (平均數量 >600) 較第二及第四葉叢高 (平均數量 <55)，反映癭蚋雌蟲產卵具部位專一性及受光照影響，且其族群波動應與寄主抽梢時期相關；(3) 著癭葉片的水分蒸散量 (2.5 μL) 與一般葉 (2.7 μL) 間無顯著差異 (P=0.68)，反映造癭者或蟲癭並不影響葉片的水分蒸散。此外，成熟期蟲癭較其他發育時期具較高的耐重及抗刺穿重量，顯示蟲癭於成熟定型期之木質化程度較高。
| Key words: invasive species, cecidology, Mangifera indica, Taiwan, crop pest | | 關鍵詞: 入侵害蟲、造癭生物學、檬果、台灣、農業害蟲 |
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