現代國際關係的特點是區域一體化結構日益重要。東盟是其中之一，由十個東南亞國家組成，這些國家正在努力建立一個有意義的三維區域共同體。俄羅斯一直是全球舞台和地區關係的主要權力中心，隨著近期東南亞的崛起，它正在尋找增加其在該地區影響力的方法。本論文分析了俄羅斯-東協戰略夥伴關係在政治、經濟和社會文化領域的主要趨勢、成就和問題，仔細強調了多邊合作存在的障礙和機遇。

Modern international relations are characterized by the growing importance of regional integration structures. ASEAN being one of them, is comprised of ten Southeast Asian nations, which are trying to build a prominent three-dimension regional community. Russia has always been a large-scale power both on the global arena and within regional affairs, and with the recent rise of the Southeast Asia, it seeks for more influence with the region. This paper analyzes key trends, achievements and issues of the Russia-ASEAN strategic partnership in the field of political, economic and socio-cultural affairs, carefully highlighting existing obstacles and possibilities of the multilateral cooperation.

CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Research topic 1
1.2 Thesis rationale and research questions 5
1.3 Literature review 7
1.4 Methodological and theoretical scope 14
1.5 Scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the research 17
1.6 Time frame and research limitations 19
CHAPTER 2. Background: Development of Russia-ASEAN countries relations on bilateral and institutional levels 20
2.1 Bilateral ties with the ASEAN countries 20
2.1.1 Russia-Brunei relations 21
2.1.2 Russia-Cambodia relations 22
2.1.3 Russia-Indonesia relations 24
2.1.4 Russia-Laos relations 25
2.1.5 Russia-Malaysia relations 27
2.1.6 Russia-Myanmar relations 29
2.1.7 Russia-Philippines relations 30
2.1.8 Russia-Singapore relations 31
2.1.9 Russia-Thailand relations 33
2.1.10 Russian-Vietnam relations 35
2.2 Russia and ASEAN: dialogue partnership and institutional framework of cooperation 36
2.2.1 Main milestones of the dialogue partnership 37
2.2.2 Effects and consequences on the bilateral ties between Russia and ASEAN states 40
2.3 Chapter summary 42
CHAPTER 3. Political and diplomatic relations between Russia and ASEAN in the twenty-first century 43
3.1 Change of political agenda: ASEAN in the Russian pivot to the East 43
3.2 Main mechanisms of political and diplomatic cooperation 52
3.2.1 Political and security cooperation agenda 57
3.3 Prospects of future developments in the partnership framework 68
3.4 Chapter summary 72
CHAPTER 4. Russian-ASEAN economic cooperation and socio-cultural exchanges 73
4.1 Emergence of the comprehensive Russia-ASEAN partnership
73
4.2 Economic field of cooperation 81
4.2.1 The framework and institutional establishments of economic ties 87
4.2.2 Trade 93
4.2.3 Energy 98
4.2.4 Finance 100
4.2.5 Transport and logistics 102
4.2.6 Technologies, information and communications 103
4.2.7 Humanitarian ties 104
4.2.8 Tourism 105
4.2.9 Main issues and challenges for the cooperation in the economic sphere 105
4.3 Social and cultural cooperation 106
4.4 Possibilities and opportunities for the Russia-ASEAN relations 108
4.5 Chapter summary 110
CHAPTER 5. Conclusion 111
BIBLIOGRAPHY 114

Primary Sources:

Cooperation Agreements:

Agreement between the Governments of the Member Countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation on Economic and Development Cooperation, Kuala Lumpur, December 10, 2005. URL: https://asean.org/?static_post=agreement-between-the-governments-of-the-member-countries-of-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations-and-the-government-of-the-russian-federation-on-economic-and-development-cooperation-kuala-lumpu. Accessed 19 Jun. 2021.
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Comprehensive Programme of Action to Promote Cooperation between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Russian Federation (2005-2015), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. December 13, 2005. URL: https://asean.org/?static_post=comprehensive-programme-of-action-to-promote-cooperation-between-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations-and-the-russian-federation-2005-2015. Accessed 21 Jun. 2021.
Joint Declaration of the Heads of State/Government of the Member Countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Head of State of the Russian Federation on Progressive and Comprehensive Partnership Kuala Lumpur. December 13, 2005. URL: https://asean.org/?static_post=joint-declaration-of-the-heads-of-stategovernment-of-the-member-countries-of-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations-and-the-head-of-state-of-the-russian-federation-on-progressive-and-comprehensive. Accessed 8 Jun. 2021.
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Memorandum of Understanding Between the Secretariat of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN Secretariat) And The Secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO Secretariat), Jakarta, April 21, 2005. URL: https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/images/ASEAN-SCO-MOU.pdf. Accessed 17 Jun. 2021.

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ASEAN–Russia: Trade and Economic Relations, Report of ERIA–RFTA Joint Seminar, Moscow. December 19, 2017. URL: https://www.eria.org/uploads/media/ERIA_RFTA_Joint_Seminar_Report_ASEAN-Russia.pdf. Accessed 17 Jun. 2021.
ASEAN and Russian Federation, ASEAN Learning Center. URL: http://asean.dla.go.th/public/article.do;jsessionid=7908B7C4039BEC28C2D692A9E4AED239?menu2Id=86&countryCode=9&lang=en&cmd=goViewByCountry. Accessed 10 Jun. 2021.
Chairman’s Statement of the First ASEAN-Russian Federation Summit Kuala Lumpur. December 13, 2005. URL: https://asean.org/?static_post=chairman-s-statement-of-the-first-asean-russian-federation-summit-kuala-lumpur-13-december-2005-2. Accessed 106 Jun. 2021.
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Chairman’s Statement of the 10th East Asia Summit, Kuala Lumpur. November 22, 2015. URL: https://www.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Chairmans-Statement-of-the-10th-East-Asia-Summit-Final-25-Nov.pdf. Accessed 13 Jun. 2021.
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Chairperson’s Statement of The 12th ASEAN Summit H.E. The President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. “One Caring and Sharing Community”, Cebu, Philippines. January 13, 2007. URL: https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/formidable/18/2007-Chairperson%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%99s-Statement-of-the-12th-ASEAN-Summit.pdf. Accessed 21 Jun. 2021.
Comment by the Information and Press Department on Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s participation in the Russia-ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, the EAS Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, and the 24th Session of the ASEAN Regional Forum on Security, Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. August 4, 2017. URL: https://www.mid.ru/en/atr/-/asset_publisher/0vP3hQoCPRg5/content/id/2832394. Accessed 19 Jun. 2021.
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Joint Statement by The ADMM-Plus Defense Ministers on Advancing Partnership for Sustainable Security, Bangkok. November 18, 2019. URL: https://asean.org/storage/2019/11/JS-of-the-6th-ADMM-Plus.pdf. Accessed 11 Jun. 2021.
Joint Statement of the Second ASEAN-Russian Federation Summit, Ha Noi, 30 October 2010. URL: https://asean.org/?static_post=joint-statement-of-the-second-asean-russian-federation-summit. Accessed 6 Jun. 2021.
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Lavrov, S. Russia and Indonesia: 70 years of fruitful cooperation. Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. February 2, 2020. URL: mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4016185. Accessed 12 Jun. 2021.
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Statement of ASEAN and the Russian Federation on Cooperation in the Field of Security of and in the Use of Information and Communication Technologies, Singapore, November 16, 2018. URL: https://asean.org/statement-asean-russian-federation-cooperation-field-security-use-information-communication-technologies/. Accessed 16 Jun. 2021.
Statement of ASEAN and Russia Ministers of Foreign Affairs on Joint Efforts to Counter International Terrorism, Manila, August 6, 2017. URL: https://asean.mid.ru/documents/24790352/26986233/Joint+Statement+on+Countering+International+Terrorism+2017.pdf/61ce55b4-3c02-4c0b-83e2-4a48a031e2ad. Accessed 13 Jun. 2021.
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Интервью Посла России во Вьетнаме К. В. Внукова телеканалу «ВТВ 4» ко Дню установления российско-вьетнамских дипломатических отношений / Interview of the Ambassador of Russia to Vietnam K. V. Vnukov to the "VTV 4" TV channel on the Anniversary of Establishment of Russian-Vietnamese Diplomatic Relations, Embassy of The Russian Federation in The Socialist Republic of Vietnam. URL: https://vietnam.mid.ru/rossijsko-v-etnamskie-otnosenia [in Russian]. Accessed 28 Jun. 2021.
Посол: Вьетнам намерен развивать сотрудничество с РФ в сфере обороны / Ambassador: Vietnam intends to develop cooperation with the Russian Federation in the field of defense, RIA. May 17, 2016. URL: https://ria.ru/20160517/1434919217.html [in Russian]. Accessed 27 Jun. 2021.
Совместное заявление о поступательном продвижении всеобъемлющего стратегического партнерства между Российской Федерацией и Социалистической Республикой Вьетнам / Joint statement on the progressive advancement of the comprehensive strategic partnership between the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Moscow. November 25, 2014. URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/supplement/4785 [in Russian]. Accessed 21 Jun. 2021.


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Analytics, ASEAN-Russia Business Council. URL: https://www.russia-asean.com/analytics/
ASEAN-Russia Dialogue Partnership. Federal Agency for Tourism, Russia. URL: https://tourism.gov.ru/en/contents/deyatelnost/international-activities/cooperation-in-international-organizations/asean-russia-dialogue-partnership/. Accessed 10 Jun. 2021.
ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2020. URL: https://www.aseanstats.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ASYB_2020.pdf. Accessed 29 Jun. 2021.
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Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, February 18, 2013. URL: https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/official_documents/-/asset_publisher/CptICkB6BZ29/content/id/122186. Accessed 13 Jun. 2021.
Dmitry Medvedev attends the Business and Investment Summit of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). November 3, 2019. URL: http://government.ru/en/news/38266/. Accessed 13 Jun. 2021.
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Secondary Sources:

Books:

Buszynski, L. Gorbachev and Southeast Asia, New York, Routledge, 2014. 288 p.
Hong, M. The Rise of Asia and Russia’s Options, ASEAN-Russia: Foundations and future prospects. Ed. by Sumsky, V., Hongand, M., Lugg, A. 2012. ISEAS, Singapore. 376 p.
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Lokshin, G., Kobelev, E., Mazyrin, M. Сообщество АСЕАН в Современном мире / ASEAN Community in the Modern World. Moscow, Forum, 2019. [in Russian]
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ASEAN’s Cooperative Security Enterprise, Katsumata, H., Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 204p.
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Severino R., Thuzar, M. ASEAN Regionalism and the Future of ASEAN-Russia Relations, M. ASEAN-Russia: Foundations and future prospects, Ed. by Sumsky, V. & Hongand, M. & Lugg, A. 2012. ISEAS, Singapore. 376 p.
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Amirov, V., Kanaev, E. Russia’s Policy towards the Countries of South-East Asia and ASEAN: Positive Developments, But an Uncertain future? / Russian Analytical Digest, No.76. 2010. URL: https://css.ethz.ch/en/publications/external-publications/details.html?id=/r/u/s/s/russias_policy_towards_the_countries_of_. Accessed 7 Jun. 2021.
Barsky, K. «Восточный вектор» начертил Примаков / “The Eastern vector” was drawn by Primakov, the International Affairs, №10, 2016. P.42-66 URL: https://thailand.mid.ru/images/misc/docs/mezhd.pdf [in Russian]. Accessed 19 Jun. 2021.
Buszynski, L. Russia and Southeast Asia: A New Relationship, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 28, No. 2 ISEAS. August, 2006, pp. 276-29. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25798785. Accessed 21 Jun. 2021.
Gidadhubli, R. Russia's Economic Relations with Asia, Economic and Political Weekl, Vol. 30, No. 24. Jun, 17, 1995, pp. 1424-1427. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4402875. Accessed 6 Jun. 2021.
Heifetz, B. Северный морской путь - новый транзитный маршрут «Одного пояса - одного пути» / Northern Sea Route - a new transit route "One Belt - One Road", The International Affairs, No. 7, 2018. URL: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/2047 [in Russian]. Accessed 15 Jun. 2021.
Lavrov, S. Russia and ASEAN can achieve a great deal together. International Affairs, Special Issue, 2010. p. 7–16. URL: https://asean.mgimo.ru/images/partn/Lavrov_Russia-and-ASEAN_en.pdf. Accessed 12 Jun. 2021.
Koldunova, E. ASEAN, EAS and APEC: What Russia Achieved in 2018, Russian International Affairs Council, November 26, 2018. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/analytics/asean-eas-and-apec-what-russia-achieved-in-2018/. Accessed 13 Jun. 2021.
Kommasith, S. Laos - Russia: 60 years of friendship and cooperation. The International Affairs. MGIMO, №10, 2020. URL: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/2407 [in Russian]. Accessed 17 Jun. 2021.
Korolev, A. Россия — АСЕАН: поиск новых «точек роста» / Russia - ASEAN: Search for New “Points of Growth”. Russian International Affairs Council. January 9, 2019. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/rossiya-asean-poisk-novykh-tochek-rosta/ [in Russian]. Accessed 14 Jun. 2021.
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News Articles:

ASEAN, Russia agree to deepen strategic partnership, VNA, March 31, 2021. URL: https://en.vietnamplus.vn/asean-russia-agree-to-deepen-strategic-partnership/198395.vnp. Accessed 10 Jun. 2021.
ASEAN, Russia to strengthen strategic partnership, ASEAN, Jakarta, 26 January 2021. URL: https://asean.org/asean-russia-strengthen-strategic-partnership/. Accessed 15 Jun. 2021.
ASEAN and Russia talk on strengthening tourism cooperation, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Vietnam. January 15, 2019. URL: https://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/english/index.php/items/13614. Accessed 12 Jun. 2021.
Cima, K., Sticklor, R. Japan, Korea, Singapore and the Arctic Sea Lanes, The Diplomat, March 24, 2014. URL: https://thediplomat.com/2014/03/japan-korea-singapore-and-the-arctic-sea-lanes/. Accessed 13 Jun. 2021.
Devonshire-Ellis, C. Business Opportunities for Russian Companies In ASEAN, Russia Briefing. August 13, 2019. URL: https://www.russia-briefing.com/news/business-opportunities-russian-companies-asean.html/. Accessed 29 Jun. 2021.
Efimova, L. Невоенные угрозы безопасности в ЮВА / Non-military security threats in the Southeast Asia, MGIMO. January, 15, 2021. URL: https://mgimo.ru/about/news/experts/nevoennye-ugrozy-bezopasnosti-v-yuva/ [in Russian]. Accessed 10 Jun. 2021.
Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries (updated march 2021), World Nuclear Association. URL: https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx. Accessed 17 Jun. 2021.
Espeña, J. Putin’s power and Russian foreign policy in ASEAN, East Asia Forum, 14 August 2020. URL: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2020/08/14/putins-power-and-russian-foreign-policy-in-asean/. Accessed 20 Jun. 2021.
Friendship with the “Lion City”: on the Russian-Singapore Business Council, Rostec, October 28, 2019. URL: https://rostec.ru/news/druzhba-s-gorodom-lva-o-rossiysko-singapurskom-delovom-sovete-/ [in Russian]. Accessed 19 Jun. 2021.
Jamal, U. Russian arms sales in Southeast Asia: What does it mean for the region? ASEAN today. August 18, 2020. URL: https://www.aseantoday.com/2020/08/russian-arms-sales-in-southeast-asia-what-does-it-mean-for-the-region/?utm_source=Daily+News+on+the+Southeast+Asian+Region+-+18+Aug+2020&utm_campaign=Daily+News+Alert+20200818&utm_medium=email. Accessed 6 Jun. 2021.
Laos continues to deepen military ties with Russia but risks Chinese backlash, ASEAN Today, February 4, 2019. URL: https://www.aseantoday.com/2019/02/laos-continues-to-deepen-military-ties-with-russia-but-risks-chinese-backlash/. Accessed 16 Jun. 2021.
Lavrov, S. Celebrating 50 years of Russia, Malaysia relations, New Straight Times, June 1, 2017. URL: https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2017/06/244603/celebrating-50-years-russia-malaysia-relations. Accessed 10 Jun. 2021.
Nguyen, D. Russia-Vietnam strategic partnership: natural result of long-term relations. Hanoi Times, March 2, 2021. URL: http://hanoitimes.vn/russia-vietnam-strategic-partnership-natural-result-of-decades-long-relations-316508.html. Accessed 13 Jun. 2021.
Nuclear Power in Indonesia (updated January 2021), World Nuclear Association. URL: https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/indonesia.aspx. Accessed 10 Jun. 2021.
Online round table “65 years of the Russia — Cambodia Diplomatic Relations”, Russian International Affairs Council. April 10, 2021. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/en/news/online-round-table-65-years-of-the-russia-cambodia-diplomatic-relations/. Accessed 18 Jun. 2021.
Parameswaran, P. What’s Behind Russia’s New Nuclear Pact with Laos? The Diplomat, April 25, 2016. URL: https://thediplomat.com/2016/04/whats-behind-russias-new-nuclear-pact-with-laos/. Accessed 12 Jun. 2021.
Phea, K. 65 years of Cambodia-Russia relations: An overview. The Phnom Penh Post, 13 May, 2021. URL: https://www.phnompenhpost.com/opinion/65-years-cambodia-russia-relations-overview. Accessed 17 Jun. 2021.
PIR Center at the Annual ASEAN-Russia Joint Working Group Meeting, PIR Center, October 12, 2012. URL: http://pircenter.org/en/news/6348-pir-center-at-the-annual-aseanrussia-joint-working-group-meeting. Accessed 21 Jun. 2021.
Putin uses arms sales to ASEAN to increase Russian standing in Southeast Asia, ASEAN today, March 14, 2018. URL: https://www.aseantoday.com/2018/03/putin-uses-arms-sales-to-asean-to-increase-russian-standing-in-southeast-asia/. Accessed 17 Jun. 2021.
Russia and Singapore discuss strengthening commercial and economic relations, St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. URL: https://forumspb.com/en/news/news/russia-and-singapore-discuss-strengthening-commercial-and-economic-relations/. Accessed 6 Jun. 2021.
Russia, Vietnam progress with nuclear research centre project, World Nuclear News. May 23, 2019. URL: https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Russia,-Vietnam-progress-with-nuclear-research-cen. Accessed 4 Jun. 2021.
The Russians Are Coming...to Southeast Asia, Otto, Ben. Wall Street Journal, July 6, 2016. URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-russians-are-coming-to-southeast-asia-1467824327. Accessed 16 Jun. 2021.
Vnukov , K. V. 70th anniversary of Việt Nam-Russia traditional friendship and strategic cooperation, Viet Nam News, January 30, 2020. URL: https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/591601/70th-anniversary-of-viet-nam-russia-traditional-friendship-and-strategic-cooperation.html. Accessed 17 Jun. 2021.
US, Russia to join East Asia Summit, AFP, July 20, 2010. URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20110723014303/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h3xcrO8YSIm9-PeBMNAC-i5PMfcw [archived]. Accessed 21 Jun. 2021.
В рамках саммита АСЕАН в Лаосе состоится церемония присоединения России к Балийскому договору / As part of the ASEAN summit in Laos, a ceremony of Russia's accession to the Bali Treaty will take place. RIA. November 23, 2004. URL: https://ria.ru/20041123/741168.html [in Russian]. Accessed 3 Jun. 2021.
Индонезия предложила РЖД участвовать в четырех транспортных проектах / Indonesia offers Russian Railways to participate in four transport projects, Finanz. January 8, 2016. URL: https://www.finanz.ru/novosti/aktsii/indoneziya-predlozhila-rzhd-uchastvovat-v-chetyrekh-transportnykh-proektakh-1000989093 [in Russian]. Accessed 12 Jun. 2021.
ASEAN, Russia Пострадавшие от тайфуна Филиппины получили помощь из России / Typhoon Affected Philippines Receive Aid from Russia. Interfax. January 3, 2018. URL: https://www.interfax.ru/world/594353 [in Russian]. Accessed 10 Jun. 2021.
РЖД за пять лет построят и оборудуют железную дорогу в Индонезии / Russian Railways will build and equip a railway in Indonesia in five years, RIA. January 8, 2016. URL: https://ria.ru/20160108/1356580270.html#ixzz45BONxbNc [in Russian]. Accessed 17 Jun. 2021.
Россия и Лаос развивают сотрудничество в области использования атомной энергии в мирных целях / Russia and Laos develop cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of atomic energy, Rosatom. 10 July, 2019. URL: https://www.rosatom.ru/journalist/news/rossiya-i-laos-razvivayut-sotrudnichestvo-v-oblasti-ispolzovaniya-atomnoy-energii-v-mirnykh-tselyakh/ [in Russian]. Accessed 19 Jun. 2021.
Россия отправила во Вьетнам гуманитарную помощь / Russia sent humanitarian aid to Vietnam. RIA. November 8, 2017. URL: https://ria.ru/20171108/1508358930.html [in Russian]. Accessed 14 Jun. 2021.
Терроризм становится всё более серьёзной угрозой для государств АТР – Шойгу / Terrorism is an increasingly serious threat to the APR states – Shoygu, Interfax – Military News Agency. October 20, 2018. URL: https://www.militarynews.ru/story.asp?rid=1&nid=493491&lang=RU [in Russian]. Accessed 15 Jun. 2021.