|
Aboa, 2019, Ivorian President does not rule out running for a third term in 2020, Reuters, January 27. Retrieved from:https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ivorycoast-politics/ivorian-president-does-not-r ule-out-running-for-third-term-in-2020-idUSKCN1PK0J8
Accords Franco-Ivoirien, Traité de coopération entre la République Française et la République de Côte d’Ivoire, France-Côte d’Ivoire, [French-Ivorian accords, Cooperation treaty between the French Republic and Côte d’Ivoire Republic], (April 24, 1961), Ministry of Europe and foreign affairs. Retrieved from: https://basedoc.diplomatie.gouv.fr/exl-php/util/documents/accede_document.php?15601 56373567
Adélé, A. (2015), Détournements de fonds : la Côte d’Ivoire ne punit que les seconds couteaux [Embezzlement of funds: Côte d’Ivoire punishes accomplices}. Le Monde. May 8, Retrieved from:https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/05/08/detournements-de-fonds-la-cot e-d'ivoire-ne-punit-que-les-seconds-couteaux_4630184_3212.html Akindès, F. (1996). Les mirages de la démocratie en Afrique subsaharienne francophone, [Illusions of democracy in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa], Paris: éditions Karthala.
Alesina, A., & Weder, B. (2002). Do corrupt governments receive less Foreign Aid? The American Economic Review, 92(4), 1126-1137. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083301.
Alesina, A. Dollar, D. (2000). Who gives foreign aid to whom and why? Journal of Economic Growth, (5), 33-63. doi:10.1023/1009874203400.
Amnesty International (2016), Republic of Congo: End wave of opposition arrests following the Presidential elections, March 31. Retrieved from: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/03/republic-of-congo-end-wave-of-oppos ition-arrests-following-the-presidential-elections/ (accessed on May-15-2019)
Amprou, J. & Chauvet, L. (2004), Efficacité et allocation de l’aide: revue des débats, Paris: Agence Française de Développement.
Asongu, S., Akpan, U., Rabiu Isihak, S., (2018). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Fast-Growing Economies: Evidence from the BRICS and MINT Countries, Financial Innovation 26,4 (October): 1-17, DOI: 10.1186/s40854-018-0114-0
Avom D., Bobbo A., (2013). La BEAC en quête de son autonomie. [BEAC in search of its autonomy]. Revue d'économie financière, 110(2), (June): 125-144. doi:10.3917/ecofi.110.0125.
Ayad C., (2005), Chirac rend visite à son ami Sassou, [Chirac pays a visit to his friend Sassou], Libération. February 5, Retrieved from:https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2005/02/05/chirac-en-visite-chez-son-ami-sassou _508573
Bah A (2010), Democracy and civil war: Citizenship and peacemaking in Côte d’Ivoire, African Affairs, Oxford: Oxford University Press, vol. 109, No. 437, pp. 597-615. Retrieved from:https://www.jstor.org/stable/40928365, (Accessed on 25-12-2018).
Banégas, Marchal, Meimon (2007) La fin du pacte colonial? La politique africaine de la France sous J. Chirac et après [The end of the colonial pact? French african policy under J. Chirac and after]. Politique africaine, 105(1), 7-26. doi:10.3917/polaf.105.0007.
Bank of France, (2016), Franc zone 2016 report. Retrieved from. https://publications.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/medias/documents/zf2016_web_ v3-2_avec-signets.pdf (Accessed on May-30-2019).
Bankounda F., (2001) Congo-Brazzaville: Une septième Constitution pour quoi faire? [Congo Brazzaville: A seventh constitution, what for?] Politique africaine, 81(1), (March): 163-170. doi:10.3917/polaf.081.0163.
Baruch J., (2018) Le pétrole Congolais d’Elf, huile de la Françafrique, [ELF’s Congolese petroleum, Françafrique’s oil,] Le Monde, April 10. Retrieved from:https://www.lemonde.fr/evasion-fiscale/article/2018/04/10/le-pétrole-congolais-d- elf-huile-de-la-francafrique_5283337_4862750.html
Bayart, J.F. (1991), La problématique de la démocratie en Afrique noire: La Baule, et puis après? [The problematic of democracy in black Africa: The Baule Speech and then what?], Politique Africaine, (43), 5-20.
Bayart, J.F. (1992, 5 march), La politique africaine de la France. Ni le Zambèze ni la Corrèze, [French African politics. Neither Zambezi nor Corrèze], Le Monde, Paris.
Bayart, J.-F. (1995) Réflexions sur la politique africaine de la France [Assessing French African policy], Politique africaine, Paris: Karthala.
Bazenguissa Ganga R., (1999), The spread of political violence in Congo-Brazzaville, African Affairs, Oxford: Oxford University press. Retrieved from:https://www.jstor.org/stable/723683, (Accessed on 24-12-2018).
Bazenguissa Ganga R., (2001), Rester jeune au Congo-Brazzaville: Violences politiques et processus de transition démocratique, [Being young in Congo-Brazzaville: Political violence and democratic transition], Autrepart, Paris: Presses de Science Po, No.18, pp.119-134.
BDEAC, (2007), Annual report. Retrieved from: https://www.bdeac.org/upload/docs/application/pdf/2015-09/bdeac_rapport_annuel_200 7.pdf
Benjamin, R.,(2018), Les présidents africains sont conscients que les services secrets français ne sont pas à leur service, [African presidents are aware that French Secret Services aren’t at their service], Jeune Afrique, October 1. Retrieved from:https://www.jeuneafrique.com/637429/politique/les-presidents-africains-sont-cons cients-que-les-services-secrets-francais-ne-sont-pas-a-leur-service/
Bolle, S. (2000), La conditionnalité démocratique dans la politique Africaine de la France, [Democratic conditionality in French African policy], Bordeaux: Université de Bordeaux presse.
Bovcon M.., (2009), France's Conflict Resolution Strategy in Côte d'Ivoire and its Ethical Implications, African Studies Quarterly, Vol. 11, Issue 1 (Fall):1-24
Brinon, J., (2013), Le président congolais accueilli fraîchement à l’Elysée. - Congolese President coldly received at Elysée. Radio France Internationale. April 8. Retrieved from:http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20130408-france-congo-president-denis-sassou-nguesso- elysee-hollande (Accessed on June-4-2019).
Broussard, P. (2009) Denis Sassou-Nguesso et sa "villa Suzette", [Denis Sassou Nguesso and his “Susette Villa”] L’Express. March 25. Retrieved from:https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/justice/denis-sassou-nguesso-et-sa-villa-s uzette_749264.html. Accessed on May-9-2019.
Carothers, T. (1999). Aiding Democracy Abroad: The Learning Curve. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Central Bank of Western African States, (2016) Annual report summarized version, Retrieved from:https://www.bceao.int/sites/default/files/2017-12/2016_annual_report_1_0.pdf
Centre d’étude et de recherche sur le développement international, (2002), Commission européenne: introduction d’indicateurs de résultat dans la gestion des programmes d’ajustement structurel dans les pays ACP, [European commission: Introduction of promising indicators in the structural adjustment programs of the ACP states], Clermont-Ferrand: Université de Clermont Auvergne.
Chafer, T. (2005). Chirac and ‘la Françafrique’: No Longer a Family Affair, Modern & Contemporary France, London: Routledge.
Clark J.F. (2002), The Neo-Colonial context of the democratic experiment of Congo-Brazzaville, African Affairs, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cockburn S., 2016, Congo Brazzaville: Opposition leader sentenced to two years of prison, Amnesty International, July 25. Retrieved from: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/07/congo-brazzaville-opposition-leader-s entenced-to-two-years-of-prison/. Accessed on May-15-2019.
Cogneau D., Houngbedji K., Mesplé-Somps S., (2014), The fall of the elephant. Two decades of poverty increase in Côte d’Ivoire (1988-2008). WIDER Working Paper 144 (Helsinki: UNU-WIDER).
Cogneau D., Mesplé-Somps S. & Roubaud F. (2003), Côte d’Ivoire: Histoire de la Crise, Afrique contemporaine, Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boeck Supérieur, No. 206, pp. 5-12. Collombat B., (2015), Où sont passés les milliards d’Houphouët Boigny ? France Inter, December 15. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjbMPO_bvNU
Cumming, G. (1995). French Development Assistance to Africa: Towards a New Agenda? African Affairs, 94(376), 383-398. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/723405
Cumming, G. (2001). Aid to Africa: French and British Policies from the Cold War to the New Millenium, London: Routledge.
Demery, L., & Squire, L. (1996). Macroeconomic Adjustment and Poverty in Africa: An Emerging Picture. The World Bank Research Observer, 11(1), (October): 39-59. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3986478
Devarajan, S., & Rodrik, D. (1989). Trade Liberalization in Developing Countries: Do Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies Matter? The American Economic Review, 79(2), (January): 283-287. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1827771
Diplomatic Times, (2019), Ivory Coast President Alassane Ouattara Boldly Proclaims Controversial French CFA Currency To Be “Solid”, February 13. Retrieved from: https://diplomatictimes.net/2019/02/18/ivory-coast-president-alassane-ouattara-boldly-p roclaims-french-cfa-currency-to-be-solid/
Diskin, A., Diskin, H., Hazan, R. (2005). Why Democracies Collapse: The Reasons for Democratic Failure and Success. International Political Science Review, 26(3), (January):291-309. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30039034
Djankov, S. Montalvo, J.G. & Reynal-Querol M. (2008).The Curse of Aid. Journal of Economic Growth, Vol.13, Issue No.3. pp.169–94. Berlin: Springer Science Business media.
Dorier, E., Mazurek, H., (2015). Dynamiques territoriales du post-conflict et de la reconstruction au Congo Brazzaville. [Territorial dynamics and reconstruction in the post conflict Congo Brazzaville] Hérodote, 158(3), (October): 132-159. doi:10.3917/her.158.0132
Dorier E., Joncheray M.,( 2013), Territoires fragmentés et temporalités post-conflit : décomposition et recompositions territoriales entre guerre et paix en république du Congo [Fragmented territories and post-conflict temporality: Territorial decomposition and recomposition between war and peace in the Congo Republic] in Sortir de la guerre [Ending war], ed. Gillet Patricia. Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques.
Dozon, J.P., (2000), La Côte d’Ivoire entre démocratie nationalisme et ethno-Nationalism [Côte d’Ivoire between democracy, nationalism and ethno-nationalism] , Politique Africaine, vol. 78, no. 2, 2000, pp. 45-62.
Elbadawi, I., Majd N., (1996), Adjustment and Economic Performance Under a fixed Exchange Rate: a Comparative Analysis of the CFA Zone, World Development 24, n°5.(December):939-951.
Englebert P. & Ron J., p.61, (2004), Primary commodities and war: Congo-Brazzaville’s ambivalent resource curse, Comparative politics, New york: Comparative politics.
Farchy J., Blas J., (2011) " Cocoa traders ready to pay Gbagbo" Financial Times, 22 March. Retrieved from:https://www.ft.com/content/c7fa6fa6-53ec-11e0-8bd7-00144feab49a (Accessed on June 3rd 2019)
Faye, M., & Niehaus, P. (2012). Political Aid Cycles. The American Economic Review, 102(7), 3516-3530. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41724643 Fielding D., M. Bleaney (2000), Monetary Discipline and Inflation in Developing Countries: the Role of Exchange Rate Regime, Oxford Economic Papers 52, n.3 (July): 521-538.
Fofana K., (2018), “Je m’apprêtais à sortir du CFA” : Gbagbo n’a pas dit la vérité, il soutenait le CFA même pendant la campagne électorale. [“I was about to exit CFA franc" Gbagbo lied as he was supporting CFA franc during the election campaign]. Yeclo, December 20. Retrieved from:https://www.yeclo.com/je-mappretais-a-sortir-du-cfa-gbagbo-na-pas-dit-la-verite-i l-soutenait-le-cfa-meme-pendant-la-campagne-electorale/
Fouda Owoundi J.P., (2001), Le franc CFA peut-il devenir une monnaie forte? Monde en développement, [Can CFA Franc become a strong currency?]. No. 114, pp. 151-173. Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boeck Supérieur.
Freedom House, (2017) Freedom in the World, Populists and autocrats: The dual threat to global Democracy, Retrieved from https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FH_FIW_2017_Report_Final.pdf (accessed on May 15-2019)
Freedom House, (2018) Freedom in the World: Democracy in Crisis. Retrieved from: https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FH_FITW_Report_2018_Final_SinglePage. pdf. (accessed on May-15-2019)
Freedom House.(2008) Freedom in the world: Republic of Congo (Brazzaville). Retrieved from:https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2008/congo-republic-brazzaville Freedom House (2005), Freedom in the World: Republic of Congo (Brazzaville). Retrieved from:https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2005/congo-republic-brazzaville
French H.W., (1997), Rebels, Backed by Angola, Take Brazzaville and Oil Port. NewYork Times. October 16. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/16/world/rebels-backed-by-angola-take-brazzaville- and-oil-port.html. (Accessed on 01-27-2019.)
French H.W. (July 22nd, 1995). Chirac Tour Affirms Ties With Africa. NewYork Times. Retrieved from:https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/22/world/chirac-tour-affirms-ties-with-africa.ht ml, Accessed on 6-6-2019.
French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, (2017), France and Côte d’Ivoire. Retrieved from:https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/cote-d-ivoire/france-and-cote-d-i voire/. (accessed on March 10th, 2019).
Gaulme, (2001), L'« ivoirité », recette de guerre civile [“Ivorianness”, a recipe for civil war”], études 3 no.394 (March):292-304, Retrieved from:https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-2001-3-page-292.htm.
Gaulme François (2001), L'"Ivoirité", recette de guerre civile. [“Ivorianness”, a recipe for civil war] Afrique contemporaine 3, n° 394, (May):249-254. Retrieved from: https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-2001-3-page-292.htm
Gbagbo L., (2010), Bâtir la paix sur la démocratie et la prospérité, [Building peace upon democracy and prosperity], Yamoussoukro: Harmattan Côte d’Ivoire. Geda A., Yimer A., (2017), Effects of capital flight on growth and poverty reduction in Ethiopia: evidence from a simulation-based analysis, in Economic Transformation for Poverty Reduction in Africa edited by Almas Heshmati (London: Routledge). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313987252_Effects_of_capital_flight_on_gro wth_and_poverty_reduction_in_Ethiopia_evidence_from_a_simulation-based_analysis.
Ghardbi, S.,(2006) La zone franc croule sous l’argent - The Franc zone money surplus, Jeune Afrique. September 18, Retrieved from https://www.jeuneafrique.com/94179/archives-thematique/la-zone-franc-croule-sous-l-a rgent/ (Accessed on May-27-2019)
Ghosh A., Gulde, A-M., Ostry J., & Wolf, H. (1997), Does the Nominal Exchange Rate Matter? The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper No. 5874, (DOI): 10.3386/w5874. Retrieved from: https://www.nber.org/papers/w5874.pdf
Glaser A., SMITH S., (1994), L’Afrique sans africains. Le rêve blanc du continent noir, [Africa without Africans. The white dream of the Black Continent]. Paris: Stock.
Government of France (2017) Decree n° 2017-1837: Budget for 2018, Journal officiel de la République française, December 31. Retrieved from: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000036339197&c ategorieLien=id
Grah Mel, F. (2010). Biographie et transmission de la mémoire en Afrique.[Biography and the transmission of African history ] Présence Africaine, 181,182, (June): 383-393. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24430978
Grisot M. (2015), Le troisième pont d’Abidjan, symbole du rebond économique ivoirien - The third bridge of Abidjan, Symbol of the Ivorian economic rebound. Le Monde. January 22, Retrieved from:https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/01/22/le-troisieme-pont-d-abidjan-sy mbole-du-rebond-economique-ivoirien_4561239_3212.html?xtmc=pont_henri_konan_ bedie&xtcr=7
Guillaumont, P., Guillaumont, S. (1988). Les enjeux des politiques monétaires dans les pays en développement. [The stakes behind monetary policies in developing countries], Revue D'économie Financière, (7), 97-108. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/42904937
Guillaumont Jeanneney, (2006), L'indépendance de la Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : une réforme souhaitable? [The West-African Central Bank’s Independency: An Expected Reform?] Revue d’économie du développement 14 no.1, 45-77.
Guillaumont P., & Guillaumont Jeanneney S., (1984), Zone franc et développement africain, [Franc zone and African development], Paris: Economica
Guillaumont P., Guillaumont Jeanneney S., (1995), Ébranlement et consolidation des fondements des francs CFA [Weakening and consolidation of CFA francs], Revue d’Économie du Développement 3, n° 3, (87-111).
Hayter, T. (1966). French aid, London: Overseas Development Institute.
Hugon P. (2003), La Côte d’Ivoire: Plusieurs lectures pour une crise annoncée, [Several readings for a predictable crisis] Afrique contemporaine / Contemporary Africa, Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boeck supérieur, No. 206, pp. 105-127. Ivoirebusiness, (2011), Don Mello, Docteur-Ingénieur des Ponts et Chaussées: Pont Henri Konan Bedié, un exemple de guerre économique contre les pauvres et les pays émergents, [Don Mello, Doctor of engineering specialized in bridges and roads: The Henri Konan Bedié Bridge, an example of an economic warfare waged against poors and developing countries], Ivoirebusiness, September 29. Retrieved from: https://www.ivoirebusiness.net/articles/don-mello-docteur-ing%C3%A9nieur-des-ponts -et-chauss%C3%A9es%C2%AB-pont-henri-konan-bedie-%C2%BB-un-exemple-de. (Accessed on May-30-2019).
Jerven M., (2013), Poor numbers How we are misled by African development statistics and What to do about it, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
Jeune Afrique, (2011), Côte d’Ivoire : la famille Ouattara. [Côte d’Ivoire, the Ouattara family]. Jeune Afrique. November 23, Retrieved from:https://www.jeuneafrique.com/189495/politique/c-te-d-ivoire-la-famille-ouattara/
Jeune Afrique, (2017), Biens mal acquis : deux nouveaux proches de Sassou-Nguesso mis en examen en France. [“Biens mal acquis”: two additional relatives of Sassou-Nguesso under official investigation in France]. July 13. Retrieved from:https://www.jeuneafrique.com/457417/societe/biens-mal-acquis-neveu-lex-belle-s oeur-president-congolais-denis-sassou-nguesso-mis-examen/
Jeune Afrique, (2017), Congo-Brazza : Total démarre l’exploitation de pétrole off shore à Moho Nord - Congo Brazzaville: Total starts the offshore exploitation of petroleum at Moho North. Jeune Afrique/ AFP. March 15, Retrieved from: https://www.jeuneafrique.com/417230/economie/congo-brazza-total-demarre-lexploitati on-de-petrole-off-shore-a-moho-nord/
Kibangou I. N, Mitsoko, J. B., Moke, L., Itoua,A., Moukoko, P., Mounzeo, C., Bouka Owoko, R., (2002),“Congo-Brazzaville : le processus électoral confisqué [Congo Brazzaville: The stolen electoral process] Politique Africaine, n.85, (April): 110-122.
Knack, S. (2004). Does Foreign Aid Promote Democracy? International Studies Quarterly, Hoboken: Blackwell publishing.
Kuziemko, I., & Werker, E. (2006). How Much Is a Seat on the Security Council Worth? Foreign Aid and Bribery at the United Nations. Journal of Political Economy, 114(5), 905-930. doi:10.1086/507155.
L'Obs, (2019), Reçu par Macron, Ouattara défend le franc CFA, "une monnaie solide", Received by Macron, Ouattara defends CFA franc " a solid currency', February 15. Retrieved from:https://www.nouvelobs.com/topnews/20190215.AFP1844/recu-par-macron-ouatta ra-defend-le-franc-cfa-une-monnaie-solide.html
Lawal A.I., Kazi K., Johnson Adeoti O., Ilo B., Ousma G. O., Akinmulegun S., (2017) Capital flight and the economic growth: Evidence from Nigeria, Binus Business Review,8(2), 125-132, DOI: 10.21512/bbr.v8i2.2090. Retrieved from:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320201528_Capital_Flight_and_the_Ec onomic_Growth_Evidence_from_Nigeria Lazard, V., Michel-Aguirre C., Naudet J.B., (2018), Congo-Brazzaville : Sassou-Nguesso a-t-il voulu faire tuer un opposant en France ? [Congo-Brazzaville: Did Sassou-Nguesso attempt to assassinate an opposition leader in France?] NouvelObs, September 27. Retrieved from:https://www.nouvelobs.com/justice/20180926.OBS3011/congo-brazzaville-sassou -nguesso-a-t-il-voulu-faire-tuer-un-opposant-en-france.html. (accessed on May-7-2019).
Lelart, M. (2003). L'Union monétaire en Afrique de l'Ouest. [The West African monetary union], L'Économie politique, no 9(3), (January):106-112. doi:10.3917/leco.019.0106.
Losch, B. (2000) La Côte d’Ivoire en quête d’un nouveau projet national [Côte d’Ivoire in search of a new National project], Politique africaine, 78(2), (January):5-25. doi:10.3917/polaf.078.0005.
L’express,. (2018), Vincent Bolloré mis en examen pour "corruption" - Vincent Bolloré under formal investigation for corruption. L’express, April 26. Retrieved from:https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/justice/vincent-bollore-mis-en-examen-p our-corruption_2003719.html. (Accessed on May-8-2019).
Maclean R., ( 2019), Ex-Ivory Coast president Laurent Gbagbo acquitted at ICC. The Guardian, January 15, Retrieved from:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/15/ex-ivory-coast-president-laure nt-gbagbo-acquitted-at-icc. (Accessed on January-27-2019)
Makhtar D. (1998), L’avenir de la Zone Franc, CODESRIA, Paris: Karthala.
Maupas S., (2019), Gbagbo acquitté par la CPI : comment le dossier de l’accusation s’est effondré, [Gbagbo acquitted at ICC: how the case against Gbagbo fell apart] Le Monde. January 16. Retrieved from:https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/01/16/gbagbo-acquitté-par-la-cpi-co mment-le-dossier-de-l-accusation-s-est-effondre_5409845_3212.html. (Accessed on January-27-2019).
Melonio, T. (2012). Quelle politique Africaine pour la France en 2012? [What French African policy in 2012?], Paris: Jean Jaurès Foundation.
Miller, L. Martini, J. Larrabee, F. Rabasa, A. Pezard, S. Taylor, J. & Mengistu, T. (2012). Democratization and Democracy Promotion: Trends, Theories, and Practices. In Democratization in the Arab World: Prospects and Lessons from Around the Globe (pp. 9-34). RAND Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mg1192rc.10 (Accessed on 09-10-2018).
Monga C., (1995), Dollars, Francs CFA et démocratisation: Symbolisme politique et fonctions économiques de l’argent en Afrique noire, [Dollars, CFA franc and democratization: Political symbolism and economical function of currencies in black Africa]. Paris: Afrique Démocratie & Développement.
Mongo, B. (1993) La France contre l'Afrique, Paris, La Découverte.
Morgenthau, H. (1962). A Political Theory of Foreign Aid. The American Political Science Review, 56(2), 301-309. doi:10.2307/1952366.
Naudé, 2011, Côte d’Ivoire : la BCEAO menace de sanctions les banques collaborant avec Gbagbo. Côte d’Ivoire: The BCEAO threatens to sanction commercial banks collaborating with Gbagbo. Jeune Afrique, February 11. Retrieved from: https://www.jeuneafrique.com/182423/politique/c-te-d-ivoire-la-bceao-menace-de-sanct ions-les-banques-collaborant-avec-gbagbo/
Naudé, P.F., (2011), Côte d’Ivoire : la BCEAO menace de sanctions les banques collaborant avec Gbagbo. [Côte d’Ivoire: The BCEAO threatens to sanction commercial banks collaborating with Gbagbo]. Jeune Afrique, February 11,. https://www.jeuneafrique.com/182423/politique/c-te-d-ivoire-la-bceao-menace-de-sanct ions-les-banques-collaborant-avec-gbagbo/ (Accessed on June-2-2019).
Ndikumana L., Boyce J.K., (2012), Capital flight from Sub Saharan African countries. Updates estimates, 1970-2010, Political Economy Research Institute, (October):1-24. Retrieved from:https://www.peri.umass.edu/publication/item/492-capital-flight-from-sub-saharan- african-countries-updated-estimates-1970-2010
Ngodi E. (2009), Mouvement Nsilulu : rupture ou continuité historique des messianismes Congolais (1998-2003) [Nsilulu movement: The end or the continuity of the historical Congolese messianism (1998-2003)], Leu movement: Historical rupture or continuity of Congolese iden: African Studies Center.
Nkurunziza, J.D., (2014), Capital flight and poverty reduction in Africa, in Capital Flight from Africa: Causes, Effects and Policy Issues. Edited by Ajayi, S. I. and L. Ndikumana, 81-110.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nkurunziza, J.D., (2014), Capital flight and poverty reduction in Africa in Capital Flight from Africa: Causes, Effects and Policy Issues. Edited by Ajayi, S. I. and L. Ndikumana, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nubukpo K. 2007, Politique Monétaire et servitude volontaire: La gestion du franc CFA par la BCEAO, [Monetary policy and voluntary servitude: The BCEAO gesture of the CFA franc] Politique africaine / African policy, Paris: éditions karthala, 105, 70-80.
N’Kodia C., (2011), Les pactes de convergence en zone franc : quels critères et quels objectifs en zone Cemac? [Convergence pacts in Franc-zone: What criteria and goals in CEMAC], Revue française d'économie 26, no.2, (October):115-148. doi:10.3917/rfe.112.0115. Obiang, J.F. (1996), Aide Française et processus de démocratisation : Le cas du Bénin et du Gabon (1990-1994), [French aid and democratic transition: Benin and Gabon cases (1990-1994)], Paris: Panthéon-Sorbonne.
Okello C., (2019), Colonial-era CFA currency under fire as finance ministers meet, Radio France International, March 28. Retrieved from:http://en.rfi.fr/africa/20190328-finance-ministers-meet-amid-controversy-over-cfa -colonial-currency, (accessed on June 3rd 2019).
Ouattara B, Ben Ismaïla Diaby M., (2012), Alassane Ouattara, vingt ans de combat, Yamoussoukro: Harmattan Côte-d'Ivoire. Ouattara B., Strobl E., (2008), Foreign aid inflows and the real exchange rate in the CFA franc zone, Economie internationale, Vol.4, Issue no.116, (September): 37-51.
Ouazani C. (2009), Henri Konan Bédié : sourd, aveugle, mais pas muet. Jeune Afrique. December 22nd. Retrieved from:https://www.jeuneafrique.com/206505/politique/henri-konan-b-di-sourd-aveugle- mais-pas-muet/
Perelman, (2017), Denis Sassou-Nguesso : Il n'y pas de crise politique dans la région du Pool. [Denis Sassou Nguesso: There are no crisis in the Pool region] France 24, May 13. Retrieved from:https://www.france24.com/fr/20170513-denis-sassou-nguesso-congo-brazzaville-c pi-libye-kadhafistes-pool-president-transparence
Piel S., Tilouine J., (2018), Afrique, amis, affaires : révélations sur le système Bolloré, - Africa, friends and business: Revelations on the Bolloré system : Le Monde. April 27. Retrieved from:https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2018/04/27/revelations-sur-le-system e-bollore-en-afrique_5291522_3210.html.
Pieterse, J. (1997). Sociology of Humanitarian Intervention: Bosnia, Rwanda and Somalia Compared. International Political Science Review / Revue Internationale De Science Politique, 18(1), 71-93. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1601449
Pigeaud, F., (2015). France-Côte d’Ivoire: une histoire tronquée [France Côte d’Ivoire: an untold story], Paris: Vents d’ailleur,
Pigeaud F., Samba Sylla N., (2018). L’arme invisible de la Françafrique: Une histoire du Franc CFA. [Françafrique’s invisible weapon: History of CFA Franc], Paris: La découverte.
Radio France International, (2013), Le président congolais accueilli fraîchement à l’Elysée - Congolese President coldly received at Elysée, April 8, Retrieved from:http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20130408-france-congo-president-denis-sassou-nguesso- elysee-hollande. (Accessed on May-7-2019).
Radio France International (2001), Décryptage de la stratégie africaine d’Elf: les Etats africains concernés (Congo-Brazzaville)(extrait de l'ordonnance de renvoi), [Decrypting ELF’s African strategy in related States (Congo Brazzaville)], Radio France Internationale, January 29. Retrieved from: http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/037/article_20564.asp. Accessed on June-8-2019.
Riding, A,. (1990), France Ties Africa Aid to Democracy, New York Times. JUNE 22. Retrieved November 11, 2018 from https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/22/world/france-ties-africa-aid-to-democracy.html
Roberts T., Koné J., Koffi S., & Dionne K.Y., (2016), Côte D’Ivoire’s 2015 Presidential Election: A Sign of Democratic Progress? Journal of African Elections 15, n.01, (June): 45 - 67. Retrieved from: https://eisa.org.za/pdf/JAE15.1Roberts.pdf. DOI:10.20940/jae/2016/v15i1a3
Rothschild, D. & Harbeson, J. (eds.), 1995, Africa in World Politics [2nd edition], Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, pp. 95-126.
Sachs J.D. (1996), Economic Transition and the Exchange-Rate Regime, American Economic Review 36, n° 2, (May): 147-152.
Savun, B. & Tirone, D. (2011). Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How Does Democracy Aid Affect Civil Conflict? American Journal of Political Science, Vol.55, Issue No.2, 233-246. Retrieved fromhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/23025048.
Savun B., Tirone D.C., (2011). Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How does democracy aid affect civil conflict? American Journal of Political Science 55, No. 2, (April): 233–246. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00501.x
Schraeder, P., Hook, S., & Taylor, B. (1998). Clarifying the Foreign Aid Puzzle: A Comparison of American, Japanese, French, and Swedish Aid Flows. World Politics, 50(2), 294-323. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25054039
Schraeder, P. (1995). From Berlin 1884 to 1989: Foreign Assistance and French, American, and Japanese Competition in Francophone Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 33(4), 539-567. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/161821.
Schraeder P.J., (1995), From Berlin 1884 to 1989: Foreign Assistance and French, American, and Japanese Competition in Francophone Africa, The Journal of Modern African Studies, (vol.33, No.4, pp. 539-567 ), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/161821, (Accessed on 26-11-2018).
Smith S., (2003), La politique d’engagement de la France à l'épreuve de la Côte d’Ivoire, [French intervention policy tested in Côte d’Ivoire], Politique Africaine, Paris: éditions Karthala, No. 89, pp.112-126.
Smith S. (1995). Chirac sur les traces du «Vieux» en Afrique à Yamoussoukro, hier, il s'est recueilli sur la tombe de Houphouët-Boigny. [Chirac following the path of the “dean” in Africa at Yamoussoukro, he visited Houphouët-Boigny’s tomb yesterday], Libération. July 22, Accessed on 03-8-2019.https://www.liberation.fr/planete/1995/07/22/chirac-sur-les-traces-du-vieux-en-afriquea-yamoussoukro-hier-il-s-est-recueilli-sur-la-tombe-de-houp_139618.
Statistica, (2019), Ivory Coast: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2007 to 2017. Retrieved from:https://www.statista.com/statistics/452068/share-of-economic-sectors-in-the-gdp-i n-ivory-coast/ (accessed on June 5, 2019).
Tchundjang Pouemi J., (2000), Monnaie servitude et liberte, la repression monetaire de l’afrique, [Currency, servitude and freedom, the monetary repression of Africa], Paris: Menaibuc,
The Ministry of the Interior, (1958), State Minister of Côte d’Ivoire, Houphouët Boigny speech, at the Geo-Andre Stadium of Abidjan, September 7. Retrieved from. https://dl.wdl.org/2544/service/2544.pdf
The World Bank, (2017), Congo Brazzaville: Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births). Retrieved from:https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?locations=CG
The World Bank, (2018), Piecing together the poverty puzzle: Poverty and shared prosperity 2018. Retrieved from:https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/30418/9781464813 306.pdf
The World Health Organization, (2007). Health action in crises:Republic of Congo,. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/hac/crises/cog/roc_aug2007.pdf Transparency International (2017), Corruption perception index 2016, Retrieved from https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016
United Nations Development Program, (2018), Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update. Retrieved from:http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/CIV.pdf
United Nations Security Council, (2011), Resolution 1975, Retrieved from: http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/1975 Verschave, J. F., (1999). La Françafrique : Le plus long scandale de la République [Francafrique: The longest scandal of the Republic], Paris: Stock.
Verschave, J. F., (2002). Noir Chirac [Black Chirac], Paris: Les Arènes, Verschave, J.F., (2004). De la Françafrique à la Mafiafrique [From Françafrique to MafiaFrique], Paris: Tribord.
Villalibre Fernández, V. (2009). The influence of powerful states of the Security Council during democratization processes: The case of Côte d’Ivoire, Revista Electrónica de Estudios Internacionales, Vol.17, Madrid: REEI. Werlin, H. (2005), Corruption and foreign aid in Africa, Orbis, vol. 49, issue No. 3, pp. 517-527, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
World Cocoa Foundation, (2014), Cocoa market update, Retrieved from;http://www.worldcocoafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Cocoa-Market-Update- as-of-4-1-2014.pdf Wright, J. (2009). How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes. American Journal of Political Science, vol.53, Issue No.3, pp.552-571. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25548137.
Wright J. (2009), How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes. American Journal of Political Science 53, No. 3 (July): 552-571.
Yala D., (2017) Pont HKB/ Ahoua Don Mello livre des secrets d'Etat: "Gbagbo était contre le péage". [HKB bridge/ Ahoua Don Mello reveals state secrets: “Gbagbo was against the bridge toll”] L'infodrome. June 28. Retrieved from:http://www.linfodrome.com/vie-politique/32547-pont-hkb-ahoua-don-mello-livre- des-secrets-d-etat-gbagbo-etait-contre-le-peage.
Yeats, A.J, (1990), Do african countries pay more for imports? Yes, The world bank economic review 4, n.1 (January):1-20. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3990024?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Yengo P., (2007), Affinités électives et délégations des compétences: La politique Congolaise de Jacques Chirac, [Electoral affinity and delegated authority: The French Congolese policy under Jacques Chirac], Politique Africaine, Paris: éditions Karthala. https://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-africaine-2007-1-page-105.htm, (Accessed on 18-12-2018).
Yuichi Kono, D., & Montinola, G. (2009). Does Foreign Aid Support Autocrats, Democrats, or Both? The Journal of Politics, 71(2), 704-718. doi:10.1017/s0022381609090550. |