本研究欲了解自尊不同面向對敵意之影響。在過去研究中，自尊與攻擊之間的關係爭論不休，原因之一即是需要更細緻劃分自尊的構念，自尊除了程度高低以外，尚有外顯自尊穩定度以及內隱自尊的面向，本研究從自尊脆弱性指標著手，在負向生活事件變動性的脈絡下，觀察個體的自尊脆弱性指標所導致的敵意傾向。研究對象總計195位大學生，測量外顯自尊、內隱自尊及敵意，接著紀錄連續14天的外顯自尊以及負向生活事件，並追蹤後測的敵意情況。研究結果有幾項主要發現：(1)外顯自尊比自尊穩定度與內隱自尊更能顯著預測敵意，當外顯自尊越低時，敵意的程度越高。(2) 負向社交事件的變動性越高，敵意的程度越高。(3)在負向社交事件變動性較高的情境之下，低外顯高內隱者的敵意程度最高。最後針對結果進行討論與建議。

Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to understand the predictive effect of multiple facets of self-esteem on hostility. In the past research, the relationship of between self-esteem and aggression was controversial, one of the reasons was that the self-esteem concept of self-esteem needed to be differentiated carefully. In addition to the level of self-esteem, there were aspects of explicit self-esteem stability and implicit self-esteem. The study examined fragile forms of self-esteem focus on the relationship among the fragile forms of self-esteem and tendency of hostility under the context of negative life events. Participants were 195 college students. Explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem, and hostility were measured, followed by recording 14 days records of explicit self-esteem, negative social/achievement life events and follow up the post-test hostility for successive 14 days. The research results have several main findings are: (1) Explicit self-esteem is more predictive of hostility than self-esteem stability and implicit self-esteem. (2) The higher the variability of negative social events, the higher the degree of hostility. (3) Under the circumstances of high variability of negative social events, damaged (low explicit, high implicit) self-esteem was the most hostile. when the discrepancy direction is implicit self-esteem > the explicit self-esteem and high self-esteem instability, the greater the extent of discrepancy, the greater the degree of hostilityFindings will be discussed in terms of fragile forms of self-esteem.

緒論 5
第一章 文獻回顧 8
第一節 自尊的面向 8
一、外顯自尊的定義 8
二、外顯自尊高低的意義 9
三、外顯自尊的限制 11
四、內隱自尊的定義 12
五、內隱自尊的測量 14
第二節 攻擊與自尊 16
一、攻擊的定義與分類 16
二、攻擊相關理論 17
三、自尊在攻擊行為中扮演的角色 19
第三節 自尊的程度與攻擊的關係 20
一、低自尊與攻擊行為 20
二、受威脅自我感與攻擊行為 22
三、只用外顯自尊就能預測攻擊嗎？ 24
第四節 自尊的脆弱性指標 25
一、自尊穩定度 25
二、不穩定自尊與攻擊 27
三、外顯自尊與內隱自尊之落差 29
四、外顯內隱自尊落差與攻擊 32
第五節 研究問題與假設 34
一、研究變項—攻擊行為背後的情緒與認知 34
二、研究問題 36
第二章 研究方法 45
第一節 研究對象 46
第二節 實驗程序 46
第三節 研究工具 47
第四節 資料分析方法 58
第三章 研究結果 60
第一節 描述統計量 60
一、各變項的描述統計量 60
二、各變項之間關係的概況 64
第二節 自尊不穩定與敵意 69
第三節 自尊的落差與敵意 73
第四章 總結與討論 80
第一節 負向事件變動之下自尊不穩定對敵意的預測性 80
第二節 負向事件變動下內外自尊落差對敵意的預測性 83
第三節 研究限制 86
第四節 研究貢獻 88
參考文獻 91
附錄 109

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