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作者(中):賴秀雯
論文名稱(中):科技創新對國力競逐之影響研究-以中美科技戰為例
論文名稱(英):Impact of Technology Innovation on Power Competition Among Nations: Perspective from U.S.-China Technology War
指導教授(中):邱坤玄
口試委員:朱新民
王高成
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:國家安全與大陸研究碩士在職專班
出版年:2020
畢業學年度:108
語文別:中文
論文頁數:92
中文關鍵詞:貿易戰科技戰科技權力科技霸權大國競爭
Doi Url:http://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202001056
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美國和中國作為世界第一和第二大國,兩國之綜合實力已經明顯拉開與其他國家的差距,而2018年以來中美貿易戰中的科技戰,提供給我們一個很好的視角,來觀察原有國際體系中的大國面對極可能的霸權挑戰者時,科技創新對於兩國國力競逐的影響。

本文從國際關係權力平衡的角度,探討科技作為國家權力之一的衡量方式,以及科技權力與經濟權力、軍事之間的交互作用,了解近二十年中美兩國在科技權力的綜合發展,以及中美在戰略性新興發展技術如5G、人工智慧、量子電腦等領域的投入與發展現況。本文並以中美貿易戰中的科技戰為例,探討當科技作為兩國權力競逐的戰場時,美國所採取的手段以及中方回應,研究崛起國面臨此一挑戰時所能採取的策略,並試圖歸納中國科技創新對其國家權力的影響。
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻檢閱 4
第三節 研究途徑與方法 11
第四節 研究範圍與限制 12
第五節 研究架構與章節安排 14
第二章 科技創新與國家權力發展 15
第一節 科技權力之定義與衡量 15
第二節 美國與中國的科技權力綜合比較 18
第三節 科技權力與其他權力的交互影響 25
第四節 小結 27
第三章 中國的科技創新與國家權力 29
第一節 中國的科技創新發展政策回顧 29
第二節 中國科技創新的重點領域 33
第三節 中國科技創新與國家權力關係 43
第四節 小結 48
第四章 中美貿易戰中的科技戰 53
第一節 美方採取的手段 53
第二節 中方回應 64
第三節 科技創新對於中美兩國國力競逐之影響 69
第四節 小結 74
第五章 結論 77
第一節 研究發現 77
第二節 未來展望與建議 81
參考文獻 83 

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DOC. “Addition of Software Specially Designed to Automate the Analysis of Geospatial Imagery to the Export Control Classification Number 0Y521 Series,” Federal Register, Jan 6, 2020, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/01/06/2019-27649/addition-of-software-specially-designed-to-automate-the-analysis-of-geospatial-imagery-to-the-export.
DoD. “Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy,” U.S. Department of Defense, https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf.
DOJ. “United States of American v. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., et al. Superseding Indictment Cr. No. 18-457 (S-3) (AMD),” U.S. Department of Justice, February 13, 2020, https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1248961/download.
DOJ. “PRC State-Owned Company, Taiwan Company, and Three Individuals Charged With Economic Espionage,” U.S. Department of Justice, November 1, 2018, https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/prc-state-owned-company-taiwan-company-and-three-individuals-charged-economic-espionage.
DOJ. “Harvard University Professor and Two Chinese Nationals Charged in Three Separate China Related Cases,” U.S. Department of Justice, January 28, 2020, https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/harvard-university-professor-and-two-chinese-nationals-charged-three-separate-china-related.
USTR.“Economic and Trade Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China,” Office of the United States Trade Representative Executive Office of the President, Jan. 15, 2020, https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/china-mongolia-taiwan/peoples-republic-china/phase-one-trade-agreement/text.
USTR. “Findings of the Investigation into China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation Under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974,” Office of the United States Trade Representative Executive Office of the President, March 27, 2018, https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Section%20301%20FINAL.PDF.
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新聞
“Drop Huawei or See Intelligence Sharing Pared Back, U.S. Tells Germany,” The Wall Street Journal, March 11, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/drop-huawei-or-see-intelligence-sharing-pared-back-u-s-tells-germany-11552314827.
“U.S. government limits exports of artificial intelligence software,” Reuters, Jan 3, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-artificial-intelligence/us-government-limits-exports-of-artificial-intelligence-software-idUSL1N2980M0.
Liu, Coco and Cheng, Ting-Fang. “Alibaba unveils AI chip to boost cloud plans and cut reliance on US,” Nikkei Asian Review, September 25, 2019, https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/China-tech/Alibaba- unveils-AI-chip-to-boost-cloud-plans-and-cut-reliance-on-US.
Corpuz, Eleazer. “The Dawn of AI: Congress Is Discussing What We’ll Do in a World Run by Robots,” Futurism, December 2, 2016, https://futurism.com/the-dawn-of-ai-congress-is-discussing-what-well-do-in-a-world-run-by-robots.
Magnier, Mark. “Top US Navy official expresses concerns about growing threat from China,” South China Morning Post, Feb 29, 2020, https:// https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3052977/top-us-navy-official-expresses-concerns-about-growing-threat.
Pham, Sherisse. “Huawei sues US government over new FCC restrictions,” CNN Business, December 5, 2019, https://edition.cnn.com/2019/12/05/tech/huawei-us-ban-lawsuit/index.html.
Pohlmann, T. "Who is leading the 5G patent race?" 12 Dec 2018, https://www.iam-media.com/who-leading-5g-patent-race.
Simonite, Tom. “For Superpowers, Artificial Intelligence Fuels New Global Arms Race,” Wired, August 8, 2017, https://www.wired.com/story/for-superpowers-artificial-intelligence-fuels-new-global-arms-race.

網路
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“Gross domestic spending on R&D.” Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm#indicator-chart.
“Huawei in Germany: Merkel says it's risky to ban any 5G provider.” AJ Impact, Jan 24, 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/huawei-germany-merkel-risky-ban-5g-provider-200123202320425.html
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“President Trump Signs Export Control Reform Act of 2018 into Law,” Practical Law Commercial Transactions, Aug 23, 2018, https://content.next.westlaw.com/Document/I1b537fe2a46c11e8a5b3e3d9e23d7429/View/FullText.html?contextData=(sc.Default)&transitionType=Default&firstPage=true&bhcp=1.
“Science and Engineering Indicators 2018.” National Science Foundation (NSF), https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsb20181/.
“Triadic patent families.” Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), https://data.oecd.org/rd/triadic-patent-families.htm.
“The Global Competitiveness Report 2019.” World Economic Forum, Oct 9, 2019, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf.
“U.S. government limits exports of artificial intelligence software,” Reuters, Jan Y 4, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-artificial-intelligence/u-s-government-limits-exports-of-artificial-intelligence-software-idUSKBN1Z21PT.
Brown, Michael and Singh, Pavneet. “China’s Technology Transfer Strategy: How Chinese Investments in Emerging Technology Enable A Strategic Competitor to Access the Crown Jewels of U.S. Innovation,” Defense Innovation Unit Experimental, January 2018. https://www.diux.mil/download/datasets/1758/DIUx%20Study%20on%20China's%20Technology%20Transfer%20Strategy%20-%20Jan%202018.pdf.
Farhad Jalinous, et al., “CFIUS Finalizes New FIRRMA Regulations.” White & Case, Jan 2020, https://www.whitecase.com/sites/default/files/2020-01/cfius-finalizes-new-firrma-regulations.pdf.
IHS Markit. “Number of Connected IoT Devices Will Surge to 125 Billion by 2030, IHS Markit Says,” press release, IHS Markit, Oct. 24, 2017, https://technology.ihs.com/596542/number-of-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-to-125-billion-by-2030-ihs-markit-says.
Maggie Miller. “FCC votes to bar use of its funds to purchase Huawei, ZTE equipment.” The Hill, Nov 29, 2019, https://thehill.com/policy/technology/471685-fcc-votes-to-bar-use-of-its-funds-to-purchase-huawei-zte-equipment.
Sayler, Kelley M. “Artificial Intelligence and National Security.” Congressional Research Service, Nov 21, 2019, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R45178.pdf.
Tian, Nan and Fleurant, Aude. “Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2018.” Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), April 2019, https://www.sipri.org/publications/2019/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-world-military-expenditure-2018.
Williams, Robert. “Is Huawei a Pawn in the Trade War? The Politics of the Global Tech Race.” Foreign Affairs, Jan 30, 2019, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2019-01-30/huawei-pawn-trade-war.
 
 
 
 
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