先前的研究指出推薦系統不僅應根據用戶的行為數據或受歡迎的項目進行推薦，還應符合用戶的偏好。部分推薦系統設計在使用者首次加入時調查其長期偏好。然而當在微時刻情境下，必須在限時內做出決策的壓力會導致注意力的限縮，最終會因此做出跟平時不同的選擇。這使我們相信作為決策輔助的推薦系統也應考慮短期意圖，並透過與使用者的互動來捕捉。這項研究進行了為期三週的使用者研究，以根據熱門程度、長期偏好和短期意圖來比較推薦的效果。本實驗設計了三個階段，包括進入前調查、使用聊天機器人、實驗後調查和訪談。總共招募了120名大學生，並將他們平均分配到四組之中。實驗的主要任務為透過與聊天機器人進行互動，在微時刻的各種情境下選擇一間餐廳。實驗結果顯示，MIX組（同時考慮長期偏好和短期意圖）會話的成功率比LTP組（僅捕獲長期偏好）高21.8%，並且利用更少的動作完成一輪推薦流程。另外，MIX組的所選項目在推薦列表上的平均排名最低，且推薦的點擊率最高。結果證明，這是四組中能支持使用者以較少的努力做出有效決策的最佳設計，而且該設計也是最適合支持微時刻的情境。透過證明MIX組優於LTP組，證明了在微時刻捕捉短期意圖的重要性。

Previous studies pointed out that recommendation systems should not only recommend by user's behavioral data or popular items but should conform to user preferences. Some recommendation systems investigate users’ long-term preferences when they first join. However, in micro-moments, giving limited available time to make decisions leads to a narrowing of attentional focus, eventually comes up with different choices. It convinces us that short-term intentions should also be taken into consideration and obtained through interactions with users. This research conducts a three-week user study to compare the effects of recommendations based on popularity, long-term preferences, and short-term intentions. Three phases including onboarding survey, chatbot use, post-experiment survey and interview were designed in this experiment. A total of 120 university students were recruited and assigned to one out of four groups. The main tasks focused on interacting with the chatbot then making choices of restaurants under various situations of micro-moments. The result shows that the sessions of the MIX group (considering both long-term preferences and short-term intentions) have a more 21.8% success ratio than the LTP group ones (capturing only the long-term preferences) and spent fewer actions in the recommendation processes. In addition, the mean of the MIX group' s selected position is the lowest, and the click-through of the MIX group is the highest. The results proved that it is the best design among four groups supporting users to make effective decisions with fewer efforts, moreover, this design is most suitable for the situation under micro-moments. Comparing the design of the LTP group, it also shows the importance of capturing short-term intentions at micro-moments.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background and motivation 1
1.2 Research method 2
1.3 Research questions 3
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Problem derived from micro-moments 4
2.2 Intent research gap 6
2.3 Interactive recommendation systems 7
2.4 Preference elicitation 8
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9
3.1 Dataset 9
3.2 Chatbot system 11
3.3 Tasks 15
3.4 Participants 16
3.5 Design 17
3.5.1 Phase 1: Onboarding survey 18
3.5.2 Phase 2: Chatbot use 21
3.5.3 Phase 3: Post-experiment survey and interview 24
3.6 Procedure 24
3.7 Hypotheses 25
Chapter 4 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 26
4.1 Analysis of onboarding survey 26
4.1.1 AHP test: seven criteria 26
4.1.2 Food type form: nine cuisines 28
4.2 Analysis of chatbot log 29
4.2.1 RQ1: Decision quality 31
4.2.2 RQ2: Perceived effort 43
4.2.3 RQ3: User perception 47
Chapter 5 CONCLUSION 52
5.1 Discussions and limitations 52
5.1.1 Discussions of research questions 53
5.1.2 Discussions of user interview 55
5.2 Theoretical and practical contributions 56
5.2.1 Theoretical contributions 56
5.2.2 Practical contributions 57
5.3 Conclusion 58
REFERENCE 61
APPENDIX 1 – AHP test 67
APPENDIX 2 – Post-experiment survey 70

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