本研究以2010年至2018年臺灣上市之電子業公司為研究對象，利用結構方程模式（Structural Equation Modeling，簡稱SEM）探討高階經理人社會網絡、國際化程度與創新績效之關聯性。實證結果發現：(1)高階經理人之國際化社會網絡規模、網絡密度以及網絡結構洞可透過公司國際化的程度，對創新績效產生正向影響。(2)高階經理人國際化社會網絡中心性透過國際化程度對創新績效產生負向影響。(3)本研究額外測試高階經理人之低度國際化社會網絡、國際化程度對創新績效之影響，結果顯示僅有當公司位於社會網絡中心位置，才可強化國際化程度，進而有助於創新績效之提升。(4)敏感性測試分析創新績效之落後1期與2期、改變國際化程度變數衡量以及控制集團企業與家族企業對創新績效之影響，以檢測整體模型之穩定性，研究結果與主要測試結果一致。

This study uses a sample of electronics firms in Taiwan from 2010 to 2018, and applies Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the relationship among the social network of top managers, internationalization, and innovation performance. The research results show that: (1) The internationalized social network size, network density, and structure hole of top managers have a positive impact on innovation performance through the internationalization of the firm. (2) The internationalized social network centrality of top managers has a significant negative effect on innovation performance through the internationalization of the firm. (3) This study further examines the impact of top managers’ low-level internationalized social network and internationalization on innovation performance. The result shows that only when a firm locates in the center of the social network can strengthen the internationalization and enhance innovation performance. (4) The sensitivity test analyzes the lagging period 1 and 2 of innovation performance, changing the measurement of internationalization, and controlling the influence of group businesses and family firms to ensure the robustness of the overall results. The findings are consistent with those from the primary analysis.

目錄 I
圖目錄 II
表目錄 III
壹、 緒論 1
一、 研究背景與動機 1
二、 研究目的 3
三、 研究架構 4
貳、 文獻探討 6
一、 高階經理人社會網絡 6
二、 高階經理人社會網絡與國際化程度之關聯性 11
三、 國際化程度與創新績效之關聯性 14
參、 研究設計 17
一、 觀念性架構 17
二、 研究假說 18
三、 變數衡量 23
四、 研究模型 29
五、 樣本選擇與資料蒐集 30
肆、 實證結果與分析 31
一、 基本資料分析 31
二、 實證結果 33
三、 額外測試 38
四、 敏感性測試 42
伍、 結論與建議 54
一、 研究結論 54
二、 研究貢獻與管理意涵 56
三、 研究限制與未來研究方向 59
參考文獻 60

中央通訊社，2019，WEF競爭力評比 台灣全球第12亞太第4，網址：https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201910090013.aspx，搜尋日期：2021年4月27日
尤隨樺與張武鈞. 2014. 社會網絡特性與創新績效之關係：網絡規模與網絡結構之影響. 會計評論 (58):101-132.
財政部統計處，2020，進出口統計，網址：https://www.mof.gov.tw/htmlList/103，搜尋日期：2021年4月13日
詹長霖，2020，黑天鵝、灰犀牛滿天飛，如何掌握趨勢、成功創新？天下雜誌，網址：https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5098843?from=search，搜尋日期：2020年9月1日
Acquaah, M. 2007. Managerial social capital, strategic orientation, and organizational performance in an emerging economy. Strategic Management Journal 28 (12):1235-1255.
Adama, T. Y. M., and M. Nadif. 2018. Investigating the impact of CEO's social network on SME performance and access to external resources in the Moroccan textile industry. Independent Journal of Management & Production 9 (1):25-44.
Al-Laham, A., and V. Souitaris. 2008. Network embeddedness and new-venture internationalization: Analyzing international linkages in the German biotech industry. Journal of Business Venturing 23 (5):567-586.
Andersson, U., M. Forsgren, and U. Holm. 2002. The strategic impact of external networks: Subsidiary performance and competence development in the multinational corporation. Strategic Management Journal 23 (11):979-996.
Barney, J. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management 17 (1):99-120.
Baron, R. M., and D. A. Kenny. 1986. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (6):1173-1182.
Bonacich, P. 1987. Power and centrality: A family of measures. American Journal of Sociology 92 (5):1170-1182.
Borgatti, S. P., and D. S. Halgin. 2011. On network theory. Organization Science 22 (5):1168-1181.
Burt, R. S. 1992. Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Harvard University Press.
Burt, R. S. 1997. The contingent value of social capital. Administrative Science Quarterly 42 (2):339-365.
Burt, R. S. 2000. The network structure of social capital. Research in Organizational Behavior 22:345-423.
Calantone, R. J., S. T. Cavusgil, and Y. Zhao. 2002. Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance. Industrial Marketing Management 31 (6):515-524.
Calof, J. L., and P. W. Beamish. 1995. Adapting to foreign markets: Explaining internationalization. International Business Review 4 (2):115-131.
Chi, T. 1994. Trading in strategic resources: Necessary conditions, transaction cost problems, and choice of exchange structure. Strategic Management Journal 15 (4):271-290.
Cohen, W. M., and D. A. Levinthal. 1990. Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 35(1):128-152.
Coleman, J. S. 1988. Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology 94:95-120.
Collins, C. J., and K. D. Clark. 2003. Strategic human resource practices, top management team social networks, and firm performance: The role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Journal 46 (6):740-751.
Connor, T. 2002. The resource-based view of strategy and its value to practising managers. Strategic Change 11 (6):307-316.
Duernecker, G., and F. Vega-Redondo. 2018. Social networks and the process of globalization. The Review of Economic Studies 85 (3):1716-1751.
Dyer, J. H., and K. Nobeoka. 2000. Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network: The Toyota case. Strategic Management Journal 21 (3):345-367.
Ellis, P. D. 2011. Social ties and international entrepreneurship: Opportunities and constraints affecting firm internationalization. Journal of international Business Studies 42 (1):99-127.
Eriksson, K., J. Johanson, A. Majkgård, and D. D. Sharma. 2015. Experiential knowledge and cost in the internationalization process. Knowledge, Networks and Power :41-63.
Finkelstein, S., and D. C. Hambrick. 1990. Top-management-team tenure and organizational outcomes: The moderating role of managerial discretion. Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (3):484-503.
Freeman, L. C. 1978. Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Social Networks 1 (3):215-239.
Gilsing, V., B. Nooteboom, W. Vanhaverbeke, G. Duysters, and A. van den Oord. 2008. Network embeddedness and the exploration of novel technologies: Technological distance, betweenness centrality and density. Research Policy 37 (10):1717-1731.
Gnyawali, D. R., and R. Madhavan. 2001. Cooperative networks and competitive dynamics: A structural embeddedness perspective. Academy of Management Review 26 (3):431-445.
Gomez-Mejia, L. R., C. Cruz, P. Berrone, and J. De Castro. 2011. The bind that ties: Socioemotional wealth preservation in family firms. Academy of Management Annals 5 (1):653-707.
Gorodnichenko, Y., J. Svejnar, and K. Terrell. 2010. Globalization and innovation in emerging markets. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2 (2):194-226.
Granovetter, M. S. 1973. The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology 78 (6):1360-1380.
Grant, R. M. 1991. The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review 33 (3):114-135.
Hambrick, D. C., and P. A. Mason. 1984. Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. The Academy of Management Review 9 (2):193-206.
Hansen,M. T. 1999. The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (1):82-111.
Hassel, A., M. Höpner, A. Kurdelbusch, B. Rehder, and R. Zugehör. 2003. Two dimensions of the internationalization of firms. Journal of Management Studies 40 (3):705-723.
Hayes, A. F. 2009. Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication monographs 76 (4):408-420.
Hillman, A. J., M. C. Withers, and B. J. Collins. 2009. Resource Dependence Theory: A Review. Journal of Management 35 (6):1404-1427.
Hirshleifer, D., A. Low, and S. H. Teoh. 2012. Are overconfident CEOs better innovators? The Journal of Finance 67 (4):1457-1498.
Hitt, M. A., R. E. Hoskisson, and H. Kim. 1997. International diversification: Effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms. Academy of Management Journal 40 (4):767-798.
Ibarra, H. 1993. Network centrality,power,and innovation involvement: Determinants of technical and adminstrative roles. Academy of Management Journal 36 (3):471-501.
Jiao, H., Y. Wang, and M. Liu. 2019. The effect of the social network of the top management team on innovation in cultural and creative industries. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management 10 (1/2):4-18.
Johanson, J., and J.-E. Vahlne. 2003. Business relationship learning and commitment in the internationalization process. Journal of International Entrepreneurship 1 (1):83-101.
Judge, G. G., R. C. Hill, W. E. Griffiths, H. Lütkepohl, and T. C. Lee. (1988). Introduction to the theory and practice of econometrics. New York, NY: Wiley.
Kafouros, M. I., P. J. Buckley, J. A. Sharp, and C. Wang. 2008. The role of internationalization in explaining innovation performance. Technovation 28 (1-2):63-74.
Knudsen, M. P. 2007. The relative importance of interfirm relationships and knowledge transfer for new product development success. Journal of Product Innovation Management 24 (2):117-138.
Kogut, B. 2000. The network as knowledge: Generative rules and the emergence of structure. Strategic management journal 21 (3):405-425.
Koka, B. R., and J. E. Prescott. 2008. Designing alliance networks: the influence of network position, environmental change, and strategy on firm performance. Strategic Management Journal 29 (6):639-661.
Kotabe, M., S. S. Srinivasan, and P. S. Aulakh. 2002. Multinationality and firm performance: The moderating role of R&D and marketing capabilities. Journal of international business studies 33 (1):79-97.
Kuemmerle, W. 2002. Home base and knowledge management in international ventures. Journal of Business Venturing 17 (2):99-122.
Laursen, K., and A. Salter. 2006. Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal 27 (2):131-150.
Lechner, C., K. Frankenberger, and S. W. Floyd. 2010. Task contingencies in the curvilinear relationships between intergroup networks and initiative performance. Academy of Management Journal 53 (4):865-889.
Lee, R. P., J. L. Johnson, and R. Grewal. 2008. Understanding the antecedents of collateral learning in new product alliances. International Journal of Research in Marketing 25 (3):192-200.
Lin, N. 2002. Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. Cambridge University Press.
Love, J. H., and P. Ganotakis. 2013. Learning by exporting: Lessons from high-technology SMEs. International Business Review 22 (1):1-17.
Maurer, I., V. Bartsch, and M. Ebers. 2011. The value of intra-organizational social capital: How it fosters knowledge transfer, innovation performance, and growth. Organization Studies 32 (2):157-185.
Michel, J. G., and D. C. Hambrick. 1992. Diversificationposture and top management team characteristics. Academy of Management Journal 35 (1):9-37.
Musteen, M., J. Francis, and D. K. Datta. 2010. The influence of international networks on internationalization speed and performance: A study of Czech SMEs. Journal of World Business 45 (3):197-205.
Nahapiet, J., and S. Ghoshal. 1998. Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review 23 (2):242-266.
Nienhüser, W. 2008. Resource dependence theory - How well does it explain behavior of organizations? Management Revue 19 (1/2):9-32.
Oviatt, B. M., and P. P. McDougall. 2005. Toward a theory of international new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies 36 (1):29-41.
Pakes, A., and M. Schankerman. 1984. The rate of obsolescence of patents, research gestation lags, and the private rate of return to research resources. University of Chicago Press.
Pfeffer, J., and G. R. Salancik. 2003. The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Stanford University Press.
Phillips, J. O. L. 2018. Open innovation as means of building social capital: A way to globalization for traditional SMEs. Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability 13 (2):115-126.
Poppo, L., and T. Zenger. 2002. Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements? Strategic Management Journal 23 (8):707-725.
Preacher, K. J., and A. F. Hayes. 2008. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods 40 (3):879-891.
Ren, S., A. B. Eisingerich, and H.-T. Tsai. 2015. How do marketing, research and development capabilities, and degree of internationalization synergistically affect the innovation performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? A panel data study of Chinese SMEs. International Business Review 24 (4):642-651.
Savrul, M. 2016. The effect of innovation performance on dimensions of the globalization. Eurasian Eononometrics, Statistics and Emprical Economics Journal 3 (3):56-67.
Smith-Doerr, L., and W. W. Powell. 2005. Networks and economic life. The Handbook of Economic Sociology 2 (3):379-402.
Sun, S. L., and R. P. Lee. 2013. Enhancing innovation through international joint venture portfolios: From the emerging firm perspective. Journal of International Marketing 21 (3):1-21.
Thorgren, S., J. Wincent, and D. Örtqvist. 2009. Designing interorganizational networks for innovation: An empirical examination of network configuration, formation and governance. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 26 (3):148-166.
Ulrich, D., and J. B. Barney. 1984. Perspectives in organizations: Resource dependence, efficiency, and population. Academy of Management Review 9 (3):471-481.
Wang, C.-H., C.-H. Chang, and G. C. Shen. 2015. The effect of inbound open innovation on firm performance: Evidence from high-tech industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 99 (10):222-230.
Wang, H., J. Zhao, Y. Li, and C. Li. 2015. Network centrality, organizational innovation, and performance: A meta‐analysis. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration 32 (3):146-159.
Welch, L. S., and R. Luostarinen. 1988. Internationalization: evolution of a concept. Journal of General Management 14 (2):34-55.
Wellman, B., and S. D. Berkowitz. 1988. Social structures: A network approach. Vol. 2: CUP Archive.
Williamson, O. E. 1975. Markets and hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications: a study in the economics of internal organization. Paper presented at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship,University of Illinois.
Zahra, S. A., R. D. Ireland, and M. A. Hitt. 2000. International expansion by new venture firms: International diversity, mode of market entry, technological learning, and performance. The Academy of Management Journal 43 (5):925-950.