希望成為以民主化典範的台灣一直致力於改善原住民、移民與同性戀等少數族群的人權和社會地位。雖然法規與社會福利等等的官方制度已越來越完善，但台灣社會的潛規則與刻板印象仍是弱勢族群取得公平待遇的一大障礙。本論文旨在研究越南女性在台灣尋求愛情時，所遇到的「越南新娘」障礙。
透過剛畢業的碩士學生Bun Cha（越南炭烤豬肉米線）、女同性戀語言學生Dua Hau（西瓜）和藍領移工Yingtao（櫻桃）上述三位越南移民的故事，本研究發現新一代越南移民女性與台灣第一代越南新娘相比，是來自更富裕的社會經濟階層，但在台灣，人們秉持舊印象卻持續困擾著新一代的越南女性，構成難以跨越的挑戰。
移民來台灣的女性，往往在國籍和性別兩種身分交織互動中建構其認同感。對越南女性而言，它們的交集就是越南新娘的烙印。她們採用哪些溝通策略來克服這身份認同的障礙？本研究裡面的女性不僅致力於將負面
印象轉化為正面，而且為了避免壓力，刻意弱化正面意象的強度。本研究同時發現，和異性的關係中，兩種身份認同必須維持某種均衡，過強的國籍認同往往會導致防禦性反應，而傷害兩性關係的發展。

Known for a paragon of democratization, Taiwan has worked hard to improve human rights and social status of identity minorities, such as aboriginals, immigrants, and homosexuals. While formal institutions have improved gradually, informal ones still prevail to impose barriers for the disadvantageous groups to fair better. This research examines how Vietnamese females encountered the stereotypes of Vietnamese brides in seeking romance in Taiwan.
In navigating the stories of three Vietnamese female migrants Bun Cha, Dua Hau – a lesbian woman and Yingtao who come from different backgrounds of Master student, language student and blue-collar migrant worker, the research found the new generation of Vietnamese migrant women come from much better growing socio-economic background in contrast to the first generations of Vietnamese brides in Taiwan. This implies increasing challenges to potential transnational relationships between Vietnamese and Taiwanese in future due to large identity gaps existing.
National and gender identities often intertwined with each other and play important roles in identity construct of Vietnamese migrant women in Taiwan. They have been accumulated through the women’s growing up process, however, Taiwan provides a challenging context of the Vietnamese brides' stereotypes targeting at heterosexual (looking) Vietnamese women that inactivates these identities and the women’s online and offline strategies to communicate their new identity. The women not only negotiate negative stereotypes to positive ones, but also turn some over-positive stereotypes to fewer positive ones in avoiding pressure. Whilst in gender identity, the results suggest that the women adopt gender roles in finding balance in heterosexual relationships, a stronger level of national identity tends to lead to more defensive reactions that could harm or reverse the development of the relationship.

Acknowledgement ix
Abstract xi
摘要 xii
Table of Contents xiii
List of Figures and Appendices xv
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Research background 1
1.2 Research purpose and questions 5
1.3 Thesis structure 6
Chapter 2: Literature review 8
2.1. Migration for work, study and marriage purposes 8
2.2 Love and marriage as a cause for international mobilization 9
2.3 Identity of Vietnamese migrants and identity-related concepts and theories 11
2.3.1 Identity and migrants 11
2.3.2 Identity of Vietnamese in Taiwan 11
2.3.3 National identity 14
2.3.4 Gender identity and gender-relevant concepts 15
2.3.5 Identity communication 17
2.3.6 Identity theories 18
Chapter 3: Methodology and research design 23
3.1 Research Method 23
3.2 Research Design 26
Chapter 4: Transnational romance in challenges 30
4.1 Socio-cultural context influencing Vietnamese woman in Taiwan 30
4.1.1 Vietnamese women and traditional values in love, relationships and marriage 30
4.1.2 Multicultural society and gender issues in Taiwan 33
4.1.3 Vietnamese women’s status on the rise 38
4.1.4 Taiwan’s new policies and the arrivals of Vietnamese intellectuals 44
4.1.5 Collisions between different cultural views and values 48
4.2 Cases 53
4.2.1 Bun Cha: My friend asked me “how to buy a Vietnamese bride?” 53
4.2.2 Dua Hau: A lesbian woman’s story 60
4.2.3 Yingtao: They said a migrant worker like me should stay poor like a migrant worker 66
Chapter 5: Discussions 72
5.1 Discussing the cases 72
5.1.1 Discussing Bun Cha’s case 72
5.1.3 Discussing Dua Hau’s case 73
5.1.3 Discussing Yingtao’s case 74
5.2 Discussing existing stereotypes and communication strategies employed 75
5.3 Discussing Vietnamese migrants’ identity in love and marriage 78
5.4 Discussion on socio-cultural context 80
Chapter 6: Conclusion 84
6.1 Findings 84
6.2 Limitations 84
6.3 Suggestions to future researches 85
6.4 Suggestions to Taiwanese government 86
References 89
Appendices 107

English
ADB. (2021). Viet Nam’s Strong, Steady Economic Growth Boosted by Success in Containing COVID-19 https://www.adb.org/news/viet-nam-strong-steady-economic-growth-boosted-success-containing-covid-19
Amiraian, D., & Sobal, J. (2009). Dating and eating. Beliefs about dating foods among university students. Appetite, 53, 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.06.012
Apply by New Scoring Criteria for Foreign and Overseas Chinese Students to Work in Taiwan. (2020). https://ezworktaiwan.wda.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=8E87472D9CB255FF&s=BCA6B6757A58F5B3
Bach, H. T. (2013). The Factor Affecting Vietnamese Students’ Decision in Selecting Taiwan for Their Higher Education [Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Kaohsiung, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/r3555k
Barnat, N., MacFeely, S., & Peltola, A. (2019). Comparing Global Gender Inequality Indices: Where is Trade? https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ser-rp-2019d11_en.pdf
Baumeister, R. F., & Hutton, D. G. (1987). Self-Presentation Theory: Self-Construction and Audience Pleasing. In B. Mullen & G. R. Goethals (Eds.), Theories of Group Behavior (pp. 71-87). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4634-3_4
Bell, D. (1997). Defining marriage and legitimacy. Current Anthropology, 38, 237-253. https://doi.org/10.1086/204606
Bergner, R., Davis, Saternus, Walley, & Tyson, T. (2013). Characteristics of romantic love: An empirically-based essentialist account. http://www.sdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Bergner-et-al-Romantic-love-213-234_cleaned.pdf
Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration, distress and cultural identity. British medical bulletin, 69, 129-141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldh007
Blank, T., & Schmidt, P. (2003). National identity in a united Germany: Nationalism or patriotism? An empirical test with representative data. Political Psychology, 24, 289-312. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00329
Bui, H. N. (2018). Factors affecting choice of studying in Taiwan of Vietnamese students [Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Kaohsiung, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/4s3tf4
Canary, D., & Spitzberg, B. (1987). Appropriateness and effectiveness perceptions of conflict strategies. Human Communication Research, 14, 93-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1987.tb00123.x
Castelló, E. (2016). Anderson and the media. The strength of “imagined communities”. Annual Review. Debats. Revista de Cultura, Poder i Societat, 1, 59-63. https://doi.org/10.28939/iam.debats-en.2016-5
Chen, C. H., & Mazzetta, M. (2021, 1 May). Taiwan ranks no. 6 in world for gender equality: GEC. Focus Taiwan. https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202101050012
Chen, E. C. H. (2011). Taiwanese-Vietnamese Transnational Marriage Families in Taiwan: Perspectives from Vietnamese Immigrant Mothers and Taiwanese Teachers https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4832574.pdf
Chen, Y., & Li, S. X. (2009). Group identity and social preferences. The American Economic Review, 99(1), 431-457. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29730190
Cheng, H.-I. (2016). On migrant workers’ social status in Taiwan: A critical analysis of mainstream news discourse. International Journal of Communication, 10, 20.
Cheng, I. (2020). We want productive workers, not fertile women: The expediency of employing Southeast Asian caregivers in Taiwan. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 61. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12275
Collier, M. J. (1989). Cultural and intercultural communication competence: Current approaches and directions for future research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13(3), 287-302. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(89)90014-X
Crenshaw, K. (2011). Demarginalising the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Anti-Discrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Anti-Racist Politics University of Chicago Legal Forum, https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf
Dabla-Norris, E., & Zhang, S. Y. (2021). Vietnam: Successfully Navigating the Pandemic. https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/03/09/na031021-vietnam-successfully-navigating-the-pandemic
Damm, J. (2011). Taiwan’s ethnicities and their representation on the internet. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs - China aktuell, 40. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810261104000104
Dao, T. T. (2020). JCER: Viet Nam will be an upper income country in 2023. Vietnam News Agency. https://bnews.vn/jcer-viet-nam-se-tro-thanh-nuoc-co-thu-nhap-trung-binh-cao-vao-nam-2023/180782.html
DiFiore, A. (2011). Youth dating culture in urban Vietnam: Attitudes, behaviors, and influences. Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection, 1959.
Do Ngoc, K., Weiss, B., & Pollack, A. (2013). Cultural beliefs, intimate partner violence, and mental health functioning among Vietnamese women. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 2. https://doi.org/10.1037/ipp0000004
Drillsma, R. (2018, 9 Nov.). Taiwan new immigrants propose anti-discrimination laws. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3571468
Duong, W. N. (2001). Gender equality and women's issues in Vietnam: The Vietnamese woman—warrior and poet. Washington International Law Journal, 10(2). https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1252&context=wilj
Essed, P. (1991). Understanding Everyday Racism: An Interdisciplinary Theory https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483345239
Everington, K. (2019, 20 Nov.). Taiwan KMT candidate says 'men better at standing guard, women better at makeup'. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3821087
Everington, K. (2021a, 19 Apr.). Taiwan has lowest birth rate in world: CIA. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4180941
Everington, K. (2021b, 18 Jun.). Taiwan's legislature passes foreign talent recruitment bill. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4226623
Everington, K. (2021c, 26 Mar.). Taiwanese users of Ashley Madison rise 35% during pandemic. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4161334
Flick, U. (2007a). Designing Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications.
Flick, U. (2007b). Managing Quality in Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209441
Freedman, S. A. (1993). Speaking of Gender Identity: Theoretical Approaches. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED377422.pdf
Global Issues - Migration. United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/migration
Guidelines for the New Southbound Policy. Bureau of Foreign Trade. https://newsouthboundpolicy.trade.gov.tw/English/PageDetail?pageID=50&nodeID=94
Ha-My, Ngoc-Dong, & Hong-Van. (2019, 7 Mar.). It must be tough to be a woman in Vietnam: foreigners. Tuoi Tre News. https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/city-diary/20190307/it-must-be-tough-to-be-a-woman-in-vietnam-foreigners/49194.html
Hecht, M. (1993). 2002-A research odyssey: Toward the development of a communication theory of identity. Communication Monographs, 60, 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759309376297
Hecht, M. L., Larkey, L. K., & Johnson, J. N. (1992). African American and European American perceptions of problematic Issues in interethnic communication effectiveness. Human Communication Research, 19(2), 209-236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1992.tb00300.x
Hendrick, C., Hendrick, S., Foote, F. H., & Slapion-Foote, M. J. (1984). Do men and women love differently? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1(2), 177-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407584012003
Ho, N. T. T. (2012). ERCCT online paper series: Gender and transnational migration: Vietnamese women workers and negotiation of self-identity in multicultural Taiwan.
Hoang, H. T. N. (2014). “Brain-drain” Issue: Why do Vietnamese students not return after studying in Taiwan? [Master’s thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University]. Kaohsiung, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/59329w
Hoang, L. A. (2016). Moral dilemmas of transnational migration: Vietnamese women in Taiwan. Gender & Society, 30(6), 890-911. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243216670602
Hoang, L. A., & Yeoh, B. (2015). ‘I'd do it for love or for money’: Vietnamese women in Taiwan and the social construction of female migrant sexuality. Gender, 22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2014.885892
Hofstede-Insights. National Culture. https://hi.hofstede-insights.com/national-culture
Hofstede-Insights. (2021). Country Comparison - Taiwan and Viet Nam. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/taiwan,vietnam/
Hoskins, M. W. (2011). Vietnamese women: Their roles and their options
being female. In D. Raphael (Ed.), (pp. 231-248). De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/9783110813128.231
Hsia, H.-C. (2007). Imaged and imagined threat to the nation: The media construction of the ‘foreign brides' phenomenon as social problems in Taiwan. Inter‐Asia Cultural Studies, 8, 55-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649370601119006
Hsiang, Y., Mazzetta, M., & Huang, F. (2021, 9 Jan.). Taiwan records smallest number of marriages in over 10 years in 2020. Focus Taiwan. https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202101090008
Huang, J.-h., & Kao, E. (2021, 11 Apr.). Taiwan's deaths exceed births by over 12,000 in Q1. Focus Taiwan. https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202104110003
Hui-Chun, Y., & Miller, P. (2003). The generation gap and cultural influence: A Taiwan empirical investigation. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 10, 23-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600310797621
Huynh, H. L. A., & Huynh, T. Q. (2020). Negotiating with intimacy: Being a good Vietnamese mother in Taiwan. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 26(4), 543-559. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2020.1859172
Ichijo, A., & Ranta, R. (2016). Food, National Identity and Nationalism: From Everyday to Global Politics. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137483126. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137483126
IOM. (2021). Who is a migrant? https://www.iom.int/who-is-a-migrant
Iredale, W., Vugt, M., & Dunbar, R. (2008). Showing off in humans: Male generosity as a mating signal. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470490800600302
Islam, G. (2014). Social identity theory. In T. Teo (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1781-1783). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_289
Izumi, S. (2010). Intercultural Communication of Identity: A Study of Japanese International Students in the United States [Doctoral thesis, University of Oklahoma]. Norman, Oklahoma. https://hdl.handle.net/11244/318527
Jung, E., & Hecht, M. (2004). Elaborating the communication theory of identity: Identity gaps and communication outcomes. Communication Quarterly, 52, 265-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370409370197
Karney, B. R. (2021). Socioeconomic status and intimate relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 72(1), 391-414. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-051920-013658
Ketels, G. (2015, 31 Jul.). Why Taiwan's single people are a national security threat. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/why-taiwans-single-people-are-a-national-security-threat/a-18617944
Khuat, T. (1998). Study on Sexuality in Vietnam: The Known and Unknown Isues. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15215.84640
Kimura, M. (2016). Food, national identity and nationalism: from everyday to global politics. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(13), 2450-2452. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2016.1161813
KMT chair sparks outrage over sexist comment against Taiwan's president. (2019, 18 Dec.). Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3839695
Kvale, S., & Flick, U. (2007). Doing Interviews. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=M-YmeT9VzQwC
Lan, P.-C. (2006). Global Cinderella: Migrant domestics and newly rich employers in Taiwan. Bibliovault OAI Repository, the University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822387787
Laster Pirtle, W. N., & Wright, T. (2021). Structural gendered racism revealed in pandemic times: Intersectional approaches to understanding race and gender health inequities in COVID-19. Gender & Society, 35(2), 168-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/08912432211001302
Lee, M. T. (2015). Discoursing "Japan" in Taiwanese identity politics: The structures of feeling of the Young Harizu and old Japanophiles. Taiwan Journal of East Asian Studies, 12, 49-103. https://doi.org/10.6163/tjeas.2015.12(2)49
Levine, R., Sato, S., Hashimoto, T., & Verma, J. (1995). Love and marriage in eleven cultures. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology - J CROSS-CULT PSYCHOL, 26, 554-571. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022195265007
Ly, T. T. H. (2014). The Key Factors Influencing the Decision of Overseas Vietnamese Students after Graduation: Stay or Return [Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Kaohsiung, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/5m8k2x
Lynd, C. (2020). ‘Be my girlfriend’: Eccentric Taiwanese dating culture. Taida Student Journal. https://medium.com/parlour/be-my-girlfriend-eccentric-taiwanese-dating-culture-24d085f0b392
Mahler, S. J. (2001). Transnational relationships: The struggle to communicate across borders. Identities, 7(4), 583-619. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2001.9962679
Mai, N., & King, R. (2009). Love, Sexuality and Migration: Mapping the Issue(s). Mobilities, 4(3), 295-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450100903195318
Mergoupis, T., Phan, V., & Sessions, J. (2018). Puzzle Me This? The Vietnamese Reverse Gender Education Gap (978-92-9256-558-9).
Miller, J. (2019). More Choices, More Power: Opportunities for Women’s Empowerment in Labour Migration from Viet Nam. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_738372.pdf
Naurin, D., Naurin, E., & Alexander, A. (2019). Gender stereotyping and chivalry in international negotiations: A survey experiment in the council of the European Union. Cambridge University Press, 73(2), 19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818319000043
Nguyen, A. (2017, 8 Dec.). Vietnamese migrant brides now more integrated into Taiwan life. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3316084
Nguyen, M. A., & Tran, H. T. P. (2018). Analysis of socio-culture factors of international marriages – The case of women’s marriages to Taiwanese/Koreans in Vietnamese Mekong delta. International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences, 1(3). http://www.ijmtss.com/PDF/IJMTSS-2018-03-09-03.pdf
Nguyen, P. (2007). ‘Relationships based on love and relationships based on needs’: Emerging trends in youth sex culture in contemporary urban Vietnam. Modern Asian Studies, 41, 287-313. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X05002258
Onishi, T. (2021). Vietnam congress to map out path to high-income status by 2045. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Vietnam-congress-to-map-out-path-to-high-income-status-by-2045
Pananakhonsab, W. (2019). Migration for love? Love and intimacy in marriage migration processes. Emotion, Space and Society, 31, 86-92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2019.03.001
People - Fact focus. (2021). https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/content_2.php
Permanyer, I. (2013). A critical assessment of the UNDP’s gender inequality index. Feminist Economics, 19(2), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2013.769687
Pike, M. (2020). 11 Things You Should Know About Vietnamese Culture. Journey On Air. https://journeyonair.com/vietnam-travel-guides/vietnamese-culture
Pischedda, S., Barral-Arca, R., Gómez-Carballa, A., Pardo-Seco, J., Catelli, M. L., Álvarez-Iglesias, V., Cárdenas, J. M., Nguyen, N. D., Ha, H. H., Le, A. T., Martinón-Torres, F., Vullo, C., & Salas, A. (2017). Phylogeographic and genome-wide investigations of Vietnam ethnic groups reveal signatures of complex historical demographic movements. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 12630. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12813-6
Q&Me, V. M. R. (2016). How Vietnamese Couples Date. https://www.slideshare.net/asiaplus_inc/survey-how-are-vietnamese-couples-date
Quillian, L. (1995). Prejudice as a response to perceived group threat: Population composition and anti-immigrant and racial prejudice in Europe. American Sociological Review, 60(4), 586-611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096296
Regulations regarding international students undertaking studies in Taiwan, (2021). https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=H0110001
Roberts, L. (2019, 26 Jun.). Louise Roberts: Dating apps and feminism are creating a toxic minefield for men. The Daily Telegraph. https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/rendezview/louise-roberts-dating-apps-and-feminism-are-creating-a-toxic-minefield-for-men/news-story/3b820f6013acde81e618f1d620fbd004
Rubin, Z., Peplau, L. A., & Hill, C. T. (1981). Loving and leaving: Sex differences in romantic attachments. Sex Roles, 7, 821-835.
Saleem, S., & Larimo, J. (2015). Hofstede Cultural Framework And Advertising Research: An Assessment Of The Literature. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279924125_HOFSTEDE_CULTURAL_FRAMEWORK_AND_ADVERTISING_RESEARCH_AN_ASSESSMENT_OF_THE_LITERATURE
Samuel, L. (2010). Mating, dating and marriage: Intergenerational cultural retention and the construction of diasporic identities among South Asian immigrants in Canada. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 31(1), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256860903477712
Sandel, T. (2015). Brides on Sale: Taiwanese Cross-Border Marriages in a Globalizing Asia. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-1-4539-1484-7
Sexual Orientation. Planned Parenthood. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sexual-orientation/sexual-orientation
Smith, P. B. (2011). Cross-Cultural Perspective on Identity. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-7988-9_11.pdf
Sorokowski, P., Sorokowska, A., Karwowski, M., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Aavik, T., Akello, G., Alm, C., Amjad, N., Anjum, A., Asao, K., Atama, C., Atamtürk, D., Ayebare, R., Batres, C., Bendixen, M., Bensafia, A., Bizumic, B., Boussena, M., Buss, D., & Sternberg, R. (2020). Universality of the triangular theory of love: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries. The Journal of Sex Research, 58, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1787318
Spears, R. (2011). Group identities: The social identity perspective. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_9
Stritikus, T., & Nguyen, D. (2007). Strategic transformation: Cultural and gender identity negotiation in first-generation Vietnamese youth. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831207308645
Swann, W. (1988). Identity Negotiation: Where Two Roads Meet. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53, 1038-1051. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1038
Swann, W., & Bosson, J. (2008). Identity negotiation: A theory of self and social interaction. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232569665_Identity_negotiation_A_theory_of_self_and_social_interaction
Swensen, C. H., & Trahaug, G. (1985). Commitment and the long-term marriage relationship. Journal of Marriage and Family, 47(4), 939-945. https://doi.org/10.2307/352337
Tang, W.-h. A., & Wang, H.-z. (2011). From victims of domestic violence to determined independent women: How Vietnamese immigrant spouses negotiate Taiwan's patriarchy family system. Womens Studies International Forum - WOMEN STUD INT FORUM, 34, 430-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2011.06.005
Tartakovsky, E. (2010). National identity. In. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_367
Teng, P. (2018, 21 Apr.). US government concerned about migrant workers’ rights in Taiwan. Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3410919
Ting-Toomey, S. (2015). Identity negotiation theory. In. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118783665.ieicc0039
Tran, H. Q. (2020). Viet Nam’s new Labour Code Moves from Protecting to Empowering Women. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/mission-and-objectives/features/WCMS_737820/lang--en/index.htm
Treger, S., Sprecher, S., & Hatfield, E. (2013). Love. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235246181_Love
Tsai, Y.-y. (2010). Geneticizing ethnicity: A study on the “Taiwan bio-bank”. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 4(3), 433-455. https://doi.org/10.1215/s12280-010-9146-x
Tseng, L. (2020, 10 Oct.). Taiwan Panorama Forum: New Southbound cultural salon—A people-centered exchange. Taiwan Paronama, 45(10), 114. https://nspp.mofa.gov.tw/nsppe/news.php?post=186461&unit=410&unitname=Stories&postname=Taiwan-Panorama-Forum:-New-Southbound-Cultural-Salon—A-People-Centered-Exchange
Uehara, M., Tanaka, A., Sakura, T., Munakata, A., & Yamada, G. (2020). The Japan Center for Economic Research (JCER) (Medium-Term Forecast of Asian Economies, Issue. https://www.jcer.or.jp/jcer_download_log.php?f=eyJwb3N0X2lkIjo3MjM2OCwiZmlsZV9wb3N0X2lkIjoiNzI0MTAifQ==&post_id=72368&file_post_id=72410
UNDP. (2016). Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Strategy and Action Plan 2017-2021: Towards More Efficient and Effective Responses to Development Challenges in Viet Nam. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjq6aDy26jxAhW3wosBHZA-Cu0QFnoECD8QAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fvietnam%2Fdocs%2FPublications%2Fgender%2520strategy_UNDP%2520VN.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3G3LSNohc598ajhHK1gNE1
Vien-Thong. (2018, 12 Jun.). Vietnamese women seek leadership for all the right reasons. VnExpress. https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnamese-women-seek-leadership-for-all-the-right-reasons-3760333.html
Vignole, V. L., Schwartz, S. J., & Luyckx, K. (2011). Introduction: Toward an integrative view of identity. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignole (Eds.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9
VLLF. (2018, 3 Apr.). Vietnamese women still face numerous barriers to employment. Vietnam Law & Legal Forum. https://vietnamlawmagazine.vn/vietnamese-women-still-face-numerous-barriers-to-employment-6189.html
Vu, T. T. (2021). Love, affection and intimacy in marriage of young people in Vietnam. Asian Studies Review, 45(1), 100-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2020.1798873
Wang, A. (2008, April 1, 2008). Modern women, traditional men. Taiwan Today. https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?post=22195&unit=12,29,33,45
Wang, H.-z., & Chang, S.-M. (2002). The commodification of international marriages: Cross-border marriage business in Taiwan and Viet Nam. International Migration, 40, 93-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00224
Wang, H.-z., & Mei-Hua, C. (2017). Discourses on non-conforming marriages: Love in Taiwan. International Journal of Japanese Sociology(26). https://doi.org/doi: 10.1111/ijjs.12063
Wang, Y.-c. (2019, 27 Jul.). Who are Han Kuo-yu’s hardcore fans? CommonWealth Magazin. https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=2483
What are Gender Roles and Stereotypes? Planned Parenthood. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/gender-identity/sex-gender-identity/what-are-gender-roles-and-stereotypes
Williams, L. (2009). Attitudes toward marriage in northern Vietnam: what qualitative data reveal about variations across gender, generation, and geography. Journal of Population Research, 26(4), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12546-010-9024-3
Winegard, B., Winegard, B., Reynolds, T., Geary, D., & Baumeister, R. (2017). One’s better half: Romantic partners function as social signals. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-017-0095-7
Wu, A. (2019). Identities as an everyday life strategy: A case study of Vietnamese marriage immigrant women in Taiwan. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1163/24688800-00201007
Yan, R. (2020). Farewell to the 2020 election, the most sexist campaign In Taiwan's history. The Reporter. https://www.taiwangazette.org/news/2020/2/8/farewell-to-the-2020-election-taiwans-most-sexist-race-in-history
Yip, H. (2020). It’s time for Taiwan to confront its own ethnic discrimination issues. Ketagalan Media. https://ketagalanmedia.com/2020/06/10/its-time-for-taiwan-to-confront-its-own-ethnic-discrimination-issues/
Yong, N. (2011). A Study of Gender Equality Mechanism in Taiwan Education Industry: An Assessment for the Transparency and Professional Practice Professional Practice.
Yu, T.-H. (2014). Vietnamese Spouses’ Cultural and Social Identity in Taiwan [Doctoral thesis, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University]. Beppu City, Japan. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjcmbqK0t3wAhUKq5QKHaGBCsYQFnoECAgQAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fritsumei.repo.nii.ac.jp%2F%3Faction%3Drepository_action_common_download%26item_id%3D12083%26item_no%3D1%26attribute_id%3D20%26file_no%3D1&usg=AOvVaw0eKOg7hKvbGnqq2odolozF
Vietnamese
Bui-Thu. (2020, 8 May). Việt Nam khuyến khích 'cưới trước 30, sinh con sớm'. BBC News Vietnamese. https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/vietnam-52569782
CNA. (2017, 27 Oct.). Thúc đẩy Chính sách hướng Nam mới, Ủy ban Sự vụ Cộng đồng người Hoa hải ngoại trông đợi sẽ có nhiều học sinh, sinh viên Hoa kiều đến Đài Loan học tập. https://nspp.mofa.gov.tw/nsppvn/news.php?post=125826&unit=444
Co-Chang. (2020, 14 Aug.). Đừng lấy chồng vì chữ hiếu, hôn nhân là của bạn chứ không phải của bố mẹ. Kenh14. https://kenh14.vn/dung-lay-chong-vi-chu-hieu-hon-nhan-la-cua-ban-chu-khong-phai-cua-bo-me-20200814142610557.chn
Dieu-Nguyen. (2018, 4 Feb.). Mẹ chăm con không bằng bà chăm cháu? Tuoi Tre. https://tuoitre.vn/ong-ba-co-trach-nhiem-cham-chau-20180204122133904.htm
Doan, M. (2016, 14 May). "Lợi dụng ông bà để chăm cháu là một sự bóc lột trá hình". Vietnamnet. https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/doi-song/gia-dinh/my-muon-ong-ba-cham-chau-bo-me-phai-tra-luong-299484.html
Doan, T. V., & Nguyen, T. T. T. (2016). Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến vai trò giới trong hoạt động thực hiện chính sách xóa đói giảm nghèo ở nông thôn hiện nay [Factors influencing gender roles in implement policies to eliminate hunger and poverty in the countryside nowadays]. Ho Chi Minh Open University’s Science Magazin, 11(1). https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiMurqRydXwAhUuyosBHQ2KDmYQFjAAegQIAxAD&url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalofscience.ou.edu.vn%2Findex.php%2Fsoci-vi%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F880%2F736&usg=AOvVaw164NCINtZjYsfWXuUk1NP7
Ha, N. T. Y. (2019, 13 Oct.). Nếu “đàn bà xây nhà, đàn ông xây tổ ấm”? Kenh14. https://kenh14.vn/neu-dan-ba-xay-nha-dan-ong-xay-to-am-20191012201820171.chn
Hanh-Ly. (2015, 31 Jul.). Người Việt xứ Đài còn bị phân biệt? BBC News Vietnamese. https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/vietnam/2015/07/150730_nguoi_viet_o_dai_loan_blog
Hoa-Mi. (2019, 30 Jun.). Tranh cãi xung quanh câu chuyện: Lần đầu đi chơi với bạn gái, ăn cơm tấm hết 171k, thanh niên đòi 'cưa đôi'. Sao Star.
Hong-Minh. (2016, 1 Dec.). Những hành động nhỏ của đàn ông khiến trái tim phụ nữ “tan chảy“. VOV. https://vov.vn/tinh-yeu-gia-dinh/nhung-hanh-dong-nho-cua-dan-ong-khien-trai-tim-phu-nu-tan-chay-574018.vov
Hong-Minh. (2018, 7 Mar.). Quà tặng ngày 8/3 và tâm sự của phụ nữ. VOV. https://vov.vn/tinh-yeu-gia-dinh/qua-tang-ngay-83-va-tam-su-cua-phu-nu-736609.vov
KL. (2021, 13 Jan.). Có 1 nỗi ám ảnh mang tên "Bị giục sinh con thứ 2" - Đây là lời đáp trả mẹ chồng cực "thấm" của nàng dâu bị ép đẻ và đáp án cho những ai đang bế tắc. Afamily.
Le, N. A. (2019, 6 Nov.). Viết về những cô dâu được "mua" về Đài Loan. Hello Vietnam. https://hellovietnam.tw/vn/column/167
M.H. (2021, 1 Mar.). COVID-19 khiến con đường du học của nhiều du học sinh Việt Nam dang dở. VOV1. https://vov.vn/xa-hoi/giao-duc/covid-19-khien-con-duong-du-hoc-cua-nhieu-du-hoc-sinh-viet-nam-dang-do-839716.vov
Mai-Lan. (2007, 15 Aug.). Bất hạnh của phụ nữ lấy chồng Đài Loan, Hàn Quốc. Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper. http://www.hoilhpn.org.vn/web/guest/tin-chi-tiet/-/chi-tiet/bat-hanh-cua-phu-nu-lay-chong-đai-loan-han-quoc-6853-2.html
Minh-Phuc. (2020, 23 Dec.). “Của chồng công vợ” bắt đầu từ đâu? Phu Nu Xua & Nay.
Minh-Trang. (2020, 19 May). Khủng hoảng tâm lý vì bị giục lấy chồng. Giadinh.net.vn. https://giadinh.net.vn/gia-dinh/khung-hoang-tam-ly-vi-bi-giuc-lay-chong-20200519115049461.htm
N.Minh. (2020, 5 Nov.). Mẹ giúp con trai "ghi điểm" với các bạn gái trong lớp. Phu Nu Viet Nam. https://phunuvietnam.vn/me-giup-con-trai-ghi-diem-voi-cac-ban-gai-trong-lop-20201105202947439.htm
Ngoc-Anh. (2021a, 15 May). "Combo đánh ghen có học" là đây: Phát hiện chồng phản bội, vợ "xử" từng người, đặc biệt là nhân vật không ngờ tới cũng phải van xin. AFamily. https://afamily.vn/combo-danh-ghen-co-hoc-la-day-phat-hien-chong-phan-boi-vo-xu-tung-nguoi-dac-biet-la-nhan-vat-khong-ngo-toi-cung-phai-van-xin-20210515091217803.chn
Ngoc-Anh. (2021b, 31 May). Thành phố Hàn khuyến khích nông dân cưới du học sinh Việt. VNExprress. https://vnexpress.net/thanh-pho-han-khuyen-khich-nong-dan-cuoi-du-hoc-sinh-viet-4286442.html
Nguyen, D. (2020, 21 Aug.). Hướng đi nào cho du học sinh trong dịch COVID-19 ? Thanh Nien. https://thanhnien.vn/giao-duc/huong-di-nao-cho-du-hoc-sinh-trong-dich-covid-19-1268487.html
Nguyen, H. T. T. (2017, 3 Mar.). Kết thúc có hậu của một chuyện tình dang dở. Lao Dong. https://laodong.vn/phapluat/ket-thuc-co-hau-cua-mot-chuyen-tinh-dang-do-515947.ldo
Nguyen, T. (2021, 9 Feb.). Chuẩn bị cho mùa du học mới. Nguoi Lao Dong Online. https://nld.com.vn/giao-duc-khoa-hoc/chuan-bi-cho-mua-du-hoc-moi-20210209111017198.htm
Nhat-Ho, & Tran-Luu. (2016, 1 Dec.). Gập ghềnh đường hồi hương của cô dâu Việt. Lao Dong Online. https://laodong.vn/phong-su/gap-ghenh-duong-hoi-huong-cua-co-dau-viet-525828.ldo
Pham, E. (2019, 6 Dec.). Lấy chồng bị giục sinh con phản ứng như thế nào? Mamaclub. https://vn.mamaclub.com/vn/learn/16088/
Phuong-Nguyen. (2011, 22 Apr.). Lấy chồng Đài Loan và Hàn Quốc theo "phong trào". Tuoi Tre Online. https://tuoitre.vn/lay-chong-dai-loan-va-han-quoc-theo-phong-trao-434699.htm
Song-Van. (2019, 21 Mar.). Của chồng công vợ? Phu Nu Online. https://www.phunuonline.com.vn/cua-chong-cong-vo-a132675.html
Thanh-Nam. (2018, 20 Nov.). Bạn có biết cách ga lăng? Thanh Nien. https://thanhnien.vn/gioi-tre/ban-co-biet-cach-ga-lang-1025375.html
Thanh-Truc. (2012, 19 Jul.). Lấy chồng Đài Loan, vui ít buồn nhiều, trăm điều cơ cực. Radio Free Asia. https://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/news/programs/OverseasVietnamese/vn-bride-in-twan-07192012081042.html
Thanh-Xuan. (2021, 29 Jan.). Người Việt Nam lạc quan nhất trong khu vực ASEAN. Thanh Nien. https://thanhnien.vn/tai-chinh-kinh-doanh/nguoi-viet-nam-lac-quan-nhat-trong-khu-vuc-asean-1335989.html
Thich, Q. H. (2019, 27 Nov.). Suy ngẫm: “của chồng công vợ” có ý nghĩa gì? Kinh Doanh Hoi Nhap. https://kinhdoanhhoinhap.vn/suy-ngam-cua-chong-cong-vo-co-y-nghia-gi-1171.html
Thu-Huong. (2016, 19 Sep.). Năm 2025: Phổ cập tiếng Anh trong trường phổ thông. Dai Doan Ket. http://daidoanket.vn/nam-2025-pho-cap-tieng-anh-trong-truong-pho-thong-122315.html
Thu-Huong. (2020, 3 Aug.). Thực trạng hôn nhân tại Việt Nam nhìn từ kết quả Tổng điều tra dân số và Nhà ở năm 2019. Figures and Events Review Magazine. http://consosukien.vn/thuc-trang-hon-nhan-tai-viet-nam-nhin-tu-ket-qua-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.htm
Thu-Nga. (2020, 27 Sep.). Màn đánh ghen “có học” của chính thất: Hẹn tiểu tam lên ô tô giảng đạo lý, khuyên làm lại cuộc đời. Tuoi Tre & Xa Hoi. https://tuoitrexahoi.vn/560-920-5-cdm-nga-mu-than-phuc-man-danh-ghen-co-hoc-cua-chinh-that-174781.html
Thuy-Linh. (2020, 31 Jan.). '24 năm lấy chồng Đài Loan, tôi như đánh cược cuộc đời'. BBC News Vietnamese. https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/world-51291184
Tran-Ngan. (2020, 29 Sep.). Chị em hãy nhớ: Phụ nữ thông minh, độc lập không trông chờ những món quà từ đàn ông. VOV. https://vov.vn/doi-song/chi-em-hay-nho-phu-nu-thong-minh-doc-lap-khong-trong-cho-nhung-mon-qua-tu-dan-ong-781992.vov
Tue-Quan. (2004, 17 Jul.). Thảm cảnh của những cô gái Việt Nam lấy chồng Đài Loan. Nguoi Lao Dong Online. https://nld.com.vn/phap-luat/tham-canh-cua-nhung-co-gai-viet-nam-lay-chong-dai-loan-95604.htm
Vy-Vy. (2021, 19 Feb.). Chàng trai liên tiếp bị 3 cô 'đá' vì đi hẹn hò đòi 'campuchia' từng đồng: 'Anh không có ý định nuôi vợ thằng khác'. Bao Dat Viet. http://gioitre.baodatviet.vn/chang-trai-lien-tiep-bi-3-co-da-vi-di-hen-ho-doi-campuchia-tung-dong-anh-khong-co-y-dinh-nuoi-vo-thang-khac-news-2584863.html
Chinese
Chen, K.-Y. (2019). The Representation of Marriage Migrant Women’s Images in Conteporary Taiwanese Prose National Taipei University of Education]. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/9f9c2j
Cheng, C.-j. (2020). A Study on the Relationship between the Acculturation and Living Adaptation of Students in New South-bound International Program of Industry-Academia Collaboration Class in Taiwan: A Case Study of Vietnamese Students [Master’s thesis, National Taipei University of Technology]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/at7tgu
Chunhuai. (2005). 移工十問. Taiwan International Workers’ Association. https://www.tiwa.org.tw/移工十問/
Do, T. Q. (2018). A Study on Personal Character, Cultural Differences, Communication Ability, Life Adaptation and Learning Effect of Vietnamese Students [Master’s thesis, Shih-Hsin University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/478mn8
He, H.-L. (2020). An Analysis of the Countermeasures for Recruiting Vietnamese, Students in Accordance with the New Southbound Policy [Master’s thesis, Minghsin University of Science and Technology]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Hsinchu, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/zjs3uv
Hsu, D. (2020, 24 Aug.). AA 制或男方出？都什麼年代了怎麼還在吵誰付錢？. GQ. https://www.gq.com.tw/bettermen/article/aa制-到底誰該請客
Huang, H.-T. (2015). The Situatedness of Vietnamese Women Living in Taiwan: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study National Dong Hwa University]. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/2kfvp4
Lan, P.-C. (2005). Stratified otherization: Recruitment, training and racialization of migrant domestic workers. Taiwanese Journal of Sociology,, 34, 1-57. http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~pclan/documents/journals/05_stratified_otherization.pdf
Lan, P.-C. (2013, 26 Aug.). 蕃仔、外勞與阿兜仔：種族主義的社會學. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/67515
Luong, K. N. (2013). The Strategy and Identity via IM Use of Vietnamese Students in Taiwan [Master’s thesis, National Chiao Tung University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Hsinchu, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/39yuyx
Su, Q.-Z., Zhuo, G.-Q., Chen, Z.-J., Liang, J.-L., Jia-jia, X., Shou-Ming, H., Xin-Min, Z., Chen, B.-F., Kai-Wen, L., Kunaw, N., Rong-Ci, D., Yuan-yuan, M., & Cai-jie, L. (2021). 不婚・難愛・少生 [Jounal article and infographic]. https://news.pts.org.tw/project/marriage-and-fertility-crisis/
Tao, H.-H. (2005). Crossing Boundaries-Vietnamese Women's Self-identity in Hualien [Master’s thesis, National Hualien University of Education]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Hualian, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/r7auf3
Vu, H. T. (2016). A Study on Challenges and Coping Strategies in Chinese Language Learning for Vietnamese Students in Taiwan [Master’s thesis, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Tainan, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/t7446g
Wakabayashi, M. (2016). 戰後臺灣政治史：中華民國臺灣化的歷程 [The “Republic of China” and the Politics of Taiwanization: The Changing Identity of Taiwan in Postwar East Asia].
Wang, H.-z. (2001). 社會階層化下的婚姻移民與國內勞動市場：以越南新娘為例. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326327873_shehuijiecenghuaxiadehunyinyiminyuguoneilaodongshichangyiyuenanxinniangweili
Wang, Y.-L. (2014). A Study on Migrant Women’s Intimate Relationships in Transnational Marriages National Kaohsiung Normal University ]. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/yg6k62
Xiang, Y.-Y. (2020, 7 Aug.). 台女就是不喜歡AA制？他用交友軟體約會實測近20人結果揭曉！. The Storm Media. https://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/2922274
Xie, W.-Z. (2021, 21 Apr.). 台灣生育率墊底財經網美扯外配　呱吉怒飆：有一點良心嗎？. https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20210421edi014/
Yang, C.-J. (2012, 22 May). 外配正名，統稱新住民，妥當嗎？. Peopo Citizen Journalism. https://www.peopo.org/news/95770
Zeng, R.-L. (2001, 17 May). 歐美籍白領外勞與台灣企業 "Discussion on the Economic and Social Dimensions of Globalization" Symposium, https://www.ea.sinica.edu.tw/file/Image/2001.pdf
Zhang, J.-w. (2017). Becoming a Vietnamese Student: the Migration and Identification of Vietnamese Students in Taiwan [Master’s Thesis, National Tsing Hua University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Hsinchu, Taiwan. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/zpytdg
Zheng, Y.-X. (2019, 3 Jul.). 外配很會生小孩、台女書讀太多都不生？解開台灣「超低生育率」的3大迷思. Business Today. https://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/80392/post/201907030046/外配很會生小孩、台女書讀太多都不生？解開台灣「超低生育率」的3大迷思
台灣大選2020：越裔移民二代選民的故事. (2020, 10 Jan.). BBC Chinese. https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-51031939
國情統計通報. (2017). Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics of the Executive Yuan. https://www.civil.taichung.gov.tw/media/278004/71211147670.pdf
外僑居留人數統計表11003. (2021, 31 Mar.). National Immigration Agency - Ministry of Interior. https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5385/7344/7350/外僑居留/?alias=settledown
外僑居留人數統計表11004. (2021). National Immigration Agency’s Statistics. https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5385/7344/7350/外僑居留/?alias=settledown
外籍勞工在台人數－按國籍別、年齡及性別分 - 統計值 (98年 ~ 108年). (2021). Important gender statistics database. https://www.gender.ey.gov.tw/gecdb/Stat_Statistics_Query.aspx?sn=!PL5qIX5nWtj6wFXlQMjwA%40%40&statsn=S2fh9YSaNs4RmUnkivB51A%40%40&d=&n=112756
外籍配偶與大陸(含港澳)配偶人數. (2019). Important gender statistics database. https://www.gender.ey.gov.tw/gecdb/Stat_Statistics_DetailData.aspx?sn=lJvq!GDSYHCFfHU73DDedA%40%40&d=m9ww9odNZAz2Rc5Ooj%24wIQ%40%40
【搶救競爭力─勞工篇】缺工求外援　白領移工薪資是藍領7倍. (2018, 4 Jul.). Apple Online. https://tw.appledaily.com/life/20180704/3OMY566KK5GWJZN33JVHJFC2C4/
新南向人才培育計畫-越南-學生概況. (2021). Ministry of Education. https://www.edunsbp.moe.gov.tw/overview_students1001.html