奈米碳管獨特的結構伴隨著準一維之固態特徵，使其具有奇異的電學與光學性質，尤其是在光學非線性上更具有極高的應用潛能。然而，現今相關的文獻卻幾乎只停留在理論計算上，因此本研究將以實驗的方式，使用Q-switched Nd:YAG雷射，量測picosecond尺度下奈米碳管產生的二次諧波，並試圖施加電場來觀測其二次諧波強度的變化。

實驗的結果顯示奈米碳管樣本之反射式二次諧波強度與其結構的石墨化程度及成長方向有關，至於外加電場則對二次諧波的強度無顯著的變化，本論文將會探討其中的原因。

摘要.......................................................I
致謝......................................................II
目錄......................................................IV

第一章 緒論................................................1

1.1 研究動機...............................................1

1.2 論文架構...............................................2

第二章 奈米碳管簡介........................................3

2.1 碳元素之特性與奈米碳管的存在...........................3

2.1.1 碳之特殊性...........................................3
2.1.2 碳家族的基本成員.....................................4
2.1.3 富勒烯(fullerene)與奈米碳管..........................4

2.2 奈米碳管的種類.........................................6

2.2.1 螺旋性與管徑.........................................6
2.2.2 單壁與多壁奈米碳管...................................9

2.3 奈米碳管的電性結構....................................10

2.3.1 單壁奈米碳管........................................10
2.3.2 多壁奈米碳管........................................11

2.4 奈米碳管的合成方式....................................12

2.4.1 電弧放電法(Arc Discharge)...........................12
2.4.2 雷射蒸發法(Laser Vaporization)......................13
2.4.3 電化學法(Electrochemical Method)....................14
2.4.4 熱裂解法(Pyrolitic Method)..........................14

2.5 奈米碳管的成長機制....................................15

2.5.1無催化劑的生長機制...................................16
2.5.2 利用催化劑的生長機制................................16
2.5.3 奈米碳管的成長模式..................................17

2.6 奈米碳管的應用........................................19

2.6.1 電子場發射之應用....................................19
2.6.2 AFM、STM掃描探針之應用..............................20
2.6.3 儲氫與鋰離子之應用..................................21
2.6.4 強化材料和高強度結構材料的應用......................21
2.6.5 奈米機械的應用......................................21
2.6.6 總結................................................21

第三章 二次諧波產生的基本理論.............................23

3.1 非線性光學............................................23

3.2 非線性極化率..........................................24

3.2.1 簡介................................................24
3.2.2 非簡諧振盪子模型....................................25
3.2.3 非線性極化率張量....................................27

3.3 晶體表面二次諧波的產生................................28

3.3.1 耦合波動方程式......................................28
3.3.2 耦合波動方程式之通解................................31
3.3.3 反射式二次諧波的電場強度............................36

第四章 儀器設備與實驗步驟.................................39

4.1 儀器與量測設備........................................39

4.1.1 電阻絲加熱蒸鍍系統..................................39
4.1.2 直流濺鍍機..........................................39
4.1.3 微波電漿輔助化學氣相沉積系統........................40
4.1.4 射頻輔助熱鎢絲化學氣相沉積系統......................42
4.1.5 掃描式電子顯微鏡....................................43
4.1.6 拉曼光譜分析儀......................................45
4.1.7 二次諧波量測設備....................................47

4.2 實驗流程圖............................................49

4.3 實驗步驟..............................................50

4.3.1 以MPE-CVD成長奈米碳管...............................50
4.3.2 製作奈米碳管樣品盒..................................51

第五章 實驗結果與討論.....................................53

5.1 奈米碳管樣本..........................................53

5.1.1 單壁奈米碳管........................................53
5.1.2 以MPE-CVD成長之多壁奈米碳管.........................56
5.1.3 以RF/HF-CVD成長之多壁奈米碳管.......................57

5.2 二次諧波量測..........................................59

5.2.1 燒燬測試............................................59
5.2.2 二次諧波強度........................................61
5.2.3 外加電場與二次諧波的響應............................64

5.3 結論與未來展望........................................66

參考文獻..................................................67

附錄A SHG自動量測系統控制程式碼...........................71

附錄B Raman自動量測系統控制程式碼.........................77

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