隨著網際網路的快速成長，各種新的即時多媒體串流服務也不斷地出現，如何透過網路來有效地傳輸具有時間性質的多媒體資料，將會成為相當重要的課題。本論文將提出一個結合P2P技術與多媒體串流技術的系統 (Live2006)，藉由本系統可以提供大規模、穩定以及高使用性之即時多媒體串流服務。本論文以應用層多播的概念為基礎，設計出一個樹狀結構來連接各個節點，同時藉由各個節點之間彼此互享來降低網路流量。因此，即使在大量使用者收看同一節目時，系統也可以維持高品質之服務。每個使用者除了可以收看其選擇的節目外，也可以擔任該節目的提供者，甚至是他所擁有節目的發行者角色。透過上述的彈性，使得所有使用者可以分享他們的多媒體節目，達到彼此互享的效果。 Live2006對於一些在防火牆管理之下或是在NAT之內使用私有IP的使用者也可以提供相同的串流服務。在任何時間和任何地點，使用者都可以利用他們擁有的一些手持設備或是一些資源受限制的電腦，很容易地收看本系統所提供的節目。Live2006 同時也支援下一代的網際網路通訊協定 IPv6。

With rapid growth of Internet, the variety of live streaming services is used on Internet. How to effective transmission of the time-sensitive multimedia has become an important issue. In this thesis, a P2P-based multimedia streaming system, called Live2006, is proposed to provide a scalable, robust, and high available live streaming service. Based on the concept of Application Layer Multicast, a tree-based structure is designed to connect the peers, and the peers share the receiving streaming to reduce network traffic. Therefore, a high level quality service is maintained even a significant number of individuals are watching the same program. Besides watching the selected programs, each user can also act as a program provider or even as the publisher of his/her own program. Such flexibility enables all users to share their video programs and achieve “peer-to-peer sharing”. Live2006 also provides the streaming services for users located behind the firewall or users using the private IP addresses behind an NAT (Network Address Translation). Thus, users can easily access the programs through their devices, including the resource limited handset devices, anywhere and any time. Live2006 also supports IPv6 protocol for next generation Internet infrastructure.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Related works 3
2.1 IP Multicast 3
2.2 Content Delivery Network 4
2.3 Application Level Multicast Infrastructure 5
2.3.1 ALMI 5
2.3.2 ZIGZAG 7
2.3.3 PeerCast 8
2.3.4 CoopNet 9
2.3.5 GnuStream 9
2.3.6 SplitStream 10
2.3.7 PROMISE 11
2.3.8 Coolstreaming/DONet 12
Chapter 3 System design 13
3.1 Infrastructure 13
3.1.1 Agent Keeper 15
3.1.2 Agent Client 18
3.1.3 Client User 19
3.1.4 Streaming Server 19
3.1.5 Passport Server 19
3.2 Operation Scheme 20
3.2.1 Initialization and Registration of AK/AC 20
3.2.2 Agent Client Join 22
3.2.3 Client User Join 24
3.2.4 Agent Client Departure 26
3.2.5 Anycast Address 27
3.2.6 Best Agent Approach (BAA) 28
Chapter 4 System Implementation and Performance Evaluation 29
4.1 System Implementation 29
4.2 Performance Evaluation 33
4.2.1 Anycast 33
4.2.2 Bandwidth 34
4.2.3 Control Overhead 36
4.2.4 Frame drop rate 37
Chapter 5 Conclusions 38
References 40

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