無線感測網路（wireless sensor network）是由許多具有感測功能、無線通訊能力以及計算能力的嵌入式裝置所組成的網路，主要被佈建來監測某範圍內的環境變化或特殊事件。無線感測網路的應用範圍很廣泛，常見的有：環境（溫度、濕度、亮度…等）監控、定位系統、軍事應用…等。由以上廣泛的應用可知，無線感測網路最根本的功能在於「蒐集、回傳感測資料」。
本論文主旨在於提出一個：無線感測網路的特性在無線感測網路的網路層（network layer）中，對於無線感測網路的生命週期的影響。無線感測網路發展至今，已經有很多論文證明：透過多重跳躍轉遞機制（multiple-hop relay）的方式傳送資料，會比每個來源節點（source node）各自直接傳送到目的節點（destination node）更有效率。既然來源節點的資料要透過其他中間節點（intermediate node，來源節點與目的節點之間的節點）幫忙轉遞，那麼每個感測器除了傳送自己的資料以外，勢必還要幫忙轉送其他感測器的資料以構成 multi-hops 的機制，如此一來每個感測器幫忙轉遞資料（封包）的負擔對於整個無線感測網路的生命週期（lifetime）的影響就顯得很重要。
目前雖然無線感測網路關於路由協定的研究已經有不少學者提出了很多研究成果，但是至今為止，還沒有論文討論到本文所提出的這個無線感測網路特性對於路由協定演算法的影響，因此本篇論文將致力於闡述這個因素對於延長整個無線感測網路的生命週期（lifetime）的影響，並且依據此觀點提出一個新的路由協定，盡可能平衡所有節點的負載，以達到延長整個無線感測網路生命週期的目的。

摘要 i
目錄 ii
一、導論 1
1.1 概論 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 論文架構 2
二、相關研究 3
2.1 Sensor network 3
2.1.1 感測網路的特性 4
2.1.2 感測器的特性 4
感測器的限制— 4
消耗電力的行為— 5
2.2 Sensor network routing 6
2.2.1 叢集式演算法 6
2.2.2 鏈結式演算法 7
2.2.3 樹狀式演算法 9
2.3 DSR protocol 10
2.3.1 DSR路由協定簡介 10
2.3.2 路由探知階段 12
2.4 DSR in Sensor Network and Ad-Hoc Network 13
2.5 ESDSR 17
三、Load-Balanced Routing Protocol 18
3.1 應用情境 18
3.2 初始化階段 19
3.2.1獲取Dsink 以及鄰近節點列表的機制 19
3.2.2計算Prelay 的方法 22
3.3 路由探知階段 26
3.4 路徑選擇階段 27
3.4.1 節點成本函式 27
3.4.2 路徑成本函式 28
3.4.3 節點成本函式值總和 29
四、模擬結果與分析 31
4.1 系統、環境介紹 31
4.1.1 系統、環境參數 31
4.1.2 模擬系統簡介 32
4.2各種環境分析比較 33
4.2.1 Prelay的增益 34
4.2.2 相異起始電量 35
4.2.3 相異節點數 36
4.2.4 sink在邊緣 37
五、結論 38
參考文獻及附錄 39

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