由於人類活動及工業化發展消耗大量石化燃料，造成環境中溫室氣體累積以及原油供應量下降等問題，其中二氧化碳為造成全球暖化現象的主要溫室氣體。因此，開發一可再生、碳中和並能夠降低大氣中二氧化碳濃度的替代能源是必要的。
微藻為光合自營生物，可有效地利用二氧化碳作為碳源，透過光合作用將其轉化成脂質。目前已知有許多種類微藻，在不利的環境條件下可生產大量三酸甘油脂及脂肪酸儲存於細胞內。由此可見，微藻不僅可行固碳作用，亦可生產大量油脂作為生質柴油的原料來源。
小球藻 (Chlorella sp.)為油質性微藻，文獻指出其平均油脂含量為20-50 % dry cell weight，故Chlorella sp.可作為生質柴油良好的原料來源。為了獲得較高油脂產率，將針對環境條件及營養因子對Chlorella sp.細胞生長及油質生成的影響進行探討。本研究以杯瓶試驗探討Chlorella sp.較適培養條件，以獲得較高細胞及油脂產量。由實驗結果可知，Chlorella sp.在較適培養條件下 (pH 8、鹽度：8.5 g/L、通氣量：2 L/min、L/D：12/12、溫度：30 ℃、光照強度：12000 lux、CO2：5 %及0.1 g/L urea)，經14天培養，可獲得最大細胞濃度2.85 g/L以及油脂產率48.2 mg/L．day。

Due to human activities and industrialization development consumption massive fossil fuels, resulting in the environment questions and so on greenhouse gas accumulation as well as crude oil supply drop, in which carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas for causing the phenomenon of global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to development a substitute energy source for petroleum which is renewable, carbon neutral and be able to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.
Microalgae are photosynthetic autotrophs, which can efficiently utilize carbon dioxide as carbon source and convert it to lipid through photosynthesis. Many species of microalgae have the ability to produce large number of triacylglycerols and fatty acids in the adverse environmental conditions. Thus it can be seen, microalgae are not only for carbon dioxide fixation, but also can produce a large number of oils as a source of raw materials for biodiesel.
Chlorella sp. is oleaginous microalgae, literatures indicate that the average oil content is 20-50 % dry cell weight, therefore Chlorella sp. is excellent raw material for biodiesel production. In order to obtain a higher oil yield, the effects of environment conditions and nutrient factors on Chlorella sp. growth and oil production was investigated. In this study, we will confirm the optimal culture conditions to obtain higher biomass and oil productivity. The results show that Chlorella sp. grown on optimal culture conditions (pH 8, salinity: 8.5 g/L, air flow rate: 2 L/min, L/D: 12/12, temperature: 30 ℃, light intensity: 12000 lux, CO2: 5 % and 0.1 g/L urea) after 14 days, it could obtain maximum biomass (2.85 g/L) and oil productivity (48.2 mg/L．day).

封面內頁
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 微藻簡介 4
2.1.1 小球藻 (Chlorella sp.) 6
2.1.2 小球藻 (Chlorella sp.)的生殖方式 6
2.2 藻類光合作用 7
2.3 藻類培養 13
2.3.1 光合自營 (photoautotrophic) 14
2.3.2 異營 (heterotrophic) 14
2.2.3 混營 (mixotrophic) 15
2.5 藻類油脂生成與組成 16
2.5.1 脂質與三酸甘油酯 (TAGs)含量 16
2.5.2脂肪酸組成 17
2.5.3 脂肪酸與三酸甘油酯生物合成 22
2.5.4 脂肪酸生物合成 22
2.5.5 三酸甘油脂生物合成 26
2.6 藻類生長及油脂生成之影響因子 28
2.6.1 營養源 28
2.6.2 溫度 29
2.6.3 pH值 29
2.6.4 光照強度 30
2.6.5 鹽度 30
2.6.6 生長週期與藻株年齡 31
2.7 微藻於生質柴油生產上之潛力 32
第三章 材料與方法 38
3.1 實驗材料與設備 38
3.1.1 藥品 38
3.1.2 儀器設備 38
3.2 藻株培養 39
3.2.1 藻株來源 39
3.2.2 培養基 39
3.2.3 藻株前培養 39
3.3 實驗步驟 39
3.3.1 培養pH值探討 40
3.3.2 培養鹽度探討 40
3.3.3 通氣量探討 40
3.3.4 培養溫度探討 40
3.3.5 光照強度及光照週期探討 40
3.3.6 CO2濃度探討 40
3.3.7 氮源種類及濃度探討 41
3.3.8 異營試驗 41
3.4 分析方法 44
3.4.1 細胞濃度 (OD值)之測定 44
3.4.2 油脂含量分析 44
第四章 結果與討論 47
4.1 篩選生長及油脂生產量最佳之藻株 47
4.2 初始pH對Chlorella sp.生長及油脂生產之影響 50
4.3 鹽度對Chlorella sp.生長及油脂生產之影響 54
4.4 通氣量對Chlorella sp.生長及油脂生產之影響 58
4.5 溫度對Chlorella sp.生長及油脂生產之影響 61
4.6 光照強度對Chlorella sp.生長及油脂生產之影響 65
4.7 CO2濃度對Chlorella sp.生長及油脂生產之影響 68
4.8 光照週期對Chlorella sp.生長及油脂生產之影響 72
4.9 氮源對Chlorella sp.生長及油脂生產之影響 75
4.10 初始氮源濃度對Chlorella sp.生長及油脂生產之影響 78
4.11 異營試驗 81
第五章 結論 83
參考文獻 85

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