本研究依據業界相關溫濕規範條件以數位陰影雲紋法(Digital Shadow Moir□ Method)配合四步相位移(Four-Step Phase-Shifting)技術量測用於智慧型手機及導航系統之4.3吋薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器(Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display, TFT-LCD)背光模組之平面外位移場，期能以數位陰影雲紋法之線上觀測優勢，取代目前業界必須於可靠度測試中途多次另行由恆溫恆濕試驗機中移出背光模組做輝度量測之檢測方式，而成為背光模組溫濕規範可靠度測試之新方法。本研究之實驗結果顯示在高溫高濕之規範條件下背光模組之面外位移量最大。
本研究亦以有限元素法套裝軟體ANSYS進行模擬分析，探討相同實驗條件下，不同法線方向裕度之背光模組的面外位移，雖然受限於電腦設備之記憶體容量而無法得到與實驗結果一致之數值架構，但本研究已首次提供了一以ANSYS進行背光模組內零組件未相黏合之接觸及熱變形分析範例。

一、簡介 1
二、文獻回顧 5
2.1薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器 5
2.2 陰影雲紋法 8
三、實驗理論 10
3.1 數位陰影雲紋法 10
3.2 相位移(Phase-Shifting)原理 13
3.3 模數π轉換 15
3.4消除試片剛體旋轉位移量 16
四、實驗裝置與試片規劃 17
4.1 實驗裝置 17
4.1.1 溫度濕度控制系統 17
4.1.2 數位陰影雲紋法光學系統 17
4.2 試片規劃 20
4.2.1 試片實驗條件 20
4.2.2 背光模組裕度與光學膜片配置 21
五、實驗程序 22
5.1溫濕規範之平面外位移量測實驗條件設置 22
5.2溫濕規範之平面外位移量測實驗步驟 23
5.2.1 試片準備 23
5.2.2 架設數位陰影雲紋法暨相位移系統 24
5.2.3 校正數位陰影雲紋法暨相位移系統 24
5.2.4 取相 24
5.2.5 影像處理與相位分析 25
5.2.6 重建試片變形之表面形貌 26
5.3 光學膜片機械性質測試 26
5.3.1 密度測試 27
5.3.2 楊氏係數與蒲松比測試 27
5.4 ANSYS數值模擬 28
5.4.1 熱傳分析 28
5.4.2 結構分析 30
六、結果與討論 32
6.1 溫濕規範之平面外位移量測 32
6.1.1 溫濕規範A︰高溫儲存實驗 33
6.1.2 溫濕規範B︰高溫點亮實驗 34
6.1.3 溫濕規範C︰高溫高濕實驗 36
6.1.4 誤差之因素探討與排除 38
6.2光學膜片機械性質測試 40
6.2.1 密度測試 40
6.2.2 楊氏係數與蒲松比測試 40
6.3 ANSYS數值模擬 43
6.3.1 簡化之架構 43
6.3.2 初始架構與實驗結果之比對 44
6.3.3 熱接觸傳導係數設定之比較 46
6.3.4 邊界條件變更 47
6.3.5 削減塑膠框架體積之模擬 48
6.3.6 背光模組試片熱變形數值模擬困難點 50
七、結論與未來展望 52
7.1 結論 52
7.2 未來展望 53
八、參考文獻 55

"2009年5月31日850百帕下溫度場與相對濕度場分佈圖 (全球圓柱投影)", 中央氣象局, http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V5/forecast/n
wp/ENS_D51-YS.htm, 2009.
[2] "關於背光模組", 大億科技網站, http://www.kenmos.com.tw/pro
duct/backlight.htm, 2005.
[3] "TFT-LCD 背光模組簡介", 瀚宇彩晶, 2006.
[4] G. H. Kim, W. J. Kim, S. M. Kim, J. G. Son, "Analysis of Thermo-Physical and Optical Properties of a Diffuser Using PET/PC/PBT Copolymer in LCD Backlight Units", Display, Vol. 26, pp. 37-43, 2005.
[5] C. H. Chien, C. T. Tsai, C. C. Hsieh, T. P. Chen, Y. M. Tzeng, W. F. Chen and M. L. Tasi, "Experimental Study of Thermal Deformation Effects on LCD Backlight Module", Proceedings of 2007 SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, pp. 20-29, Springfield, MA, U.S.A., June 4-6, 2007.
[6] 曾昱銘, "熱變形對LCD導光板特性之影響", 國立中山大學機械工程學系碩士論文, 2005.
[7] 許軒豪, "背光模組熱濕變形之數值分析與實驗探討", 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 2006.
[8] "ANSYS", Revision 9.0, Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, PA, U. S. A., 2005
[9] 紀國鐘及鄭晃忠, "液晶顯示器技術手冊", 台灣電子材料與元件協會, 新竹市, 2002.
[10] G. H. Kim, "A PMMA Composite as an Optical Diffuser in a Liquid Crystal Display Backlighting Unit (BLU)", European Polymer Journal, Vol. 41, pp. 1729-1737, 2005.
[11] Y. Mori, K. Tanahashi, R. Yoshitake and S. Tsuji, "Extraction and Evaluation of Mura in Liquid Crystal Displays", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4471, pp. 300-307, 2001.
[12] Y. Mori, K. Tanahashi and S. Tsuji, "Quantitative Evaluation of "Mura" in Liquid Crystal Displays", Optical Engineering, Vol. 43, pp. 2696-3000, 2004.
[13] C. Y. Chu, M. C. Pan and J. Ho, "Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation on TFT-LCD Panels for Image Quality Concerns", Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC), Grand Copthorne Waterfront, Singapore, Vol. 2, pp. 543-548, Dec. 7-9, 2005.
[14] "Pro/ENGINEER", Parametric Technology Corporation, Needham, MA, U.S.A..
[15] "ASAP", Breault Research Organization, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A..
[16] 鍾佳龍, "平面顯示器光學膜片之機械性質探討", 逢甲大學機械工程學系碩士論文, 2005.
[17] 胡詠淋, "小尺寸LED背光模組光學特性檢測與導光板之熱傳分析", 國立屏東科技大學機械工程學系碩士論文, 2005.
[18] 陳冠端, "高輝度背光模組冷熱衝擊之結構設計", 國立中山大學機械與機電工程學系碩士論文, 2006.
[19] 曾暉雄, "LED背光模組專利分析與導光板之熱傳分析", 和春技術學院電機工程研究所碩士論文, 2007.
[20] "COMSOL Multiphysics", COMSOL, Inc., Burlington, MA, U.S.A..
[21] 簡惠民, "不等行程射出壓縮應用於精密楔形板件及表面微結構成型性探討", 國立臺灣大學機械工程學系碩士論文, 2001.
[22] 郭永昇, "應用陣列點膠於導光板模仁之製作及動態變模溫系統對精密射出成型導光板之研究", 雲林科技大學機械工程系碩士論文, 2004.
[23] 楊明峰, "薄形導光板模內監控與製程最佳化之研究", 國立高雄應用科技大學模具工程系碩士論文, 2006.
[24] 周奉儀, "導光板光學設計及成形研究", 國立高雄應用科技大學機械與精密工程研究所碩士論文, 2006.
[25] "Moldex3D", CoreTech System Co., Chupei City, Hsinchu County, Taiwan.
[26] R. F. Mousely, "A Shadow Moir□ Technique for the Measurement of Damage in Composites", Composite Structures, Vol. 4, pp. 231-244, 1984.
[27] J. L. Sullivan, "Phase-Stepped Fractional Moir□", Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 31, pp. 373-381, 1991.
[28] T. Yoshizawa and T. Tomisawa, "Shadow Moir□ Topography by Means of the Phase-Shift Method", Optical Engineering, Vol. 32, pp. 1668-1674, 1993.
[29] D. Kokidko, L. Gee, S. C. Chou and F. P. Chiang, "Method for Measuring Transient Out-of-Plane Deformation During Impact", International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 19, pp. 127-133, 1996.
[30] M. R. Stiteler and C. Ume, "System for Real Time Measurement of Thermally Induced PWB/PWA Warpage", Journal of Electronic Packaging, Vol. 119, pp. 1-7, 1997.
[31] D. Hai, R. E. Powell, C. R. Hanna and I. C. Ume, "Warpage Measurement Comparison Using Shadow Moir□ and Projection Moir□ Methods", IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, Vol. 25, pp. 714-721, 2002.
[32] C. Quan, Y. Fu and C. J. Tay, "Determination of Surface Contour by Temporal Analysis of Shadow Moir□ Fringes", Optics Communications, Vol. 230, pp. 23-33, 2003.
[33] J. H. Lim, M. M. Ratnam and H. P. S. A. Khalil, "An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of The Static Deformation of Natural Fiber-reinforced Composite Beam", Polymer Testing, Vol. 22, pp. 169-177, 2003.
[34] J. A. G□mez-Pedrero, J. A. Quiroga, M. J. Terr□n-L□pez and D. Crespo, "Measurement of Surface Topography by RGB Shadow-Moir□ with Direct Phase Demodulation" Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol. 44, pp. 1297-1310, 2006.
[35] 楊勝仲, "複合材料非破壞檢測與挫曲強度之實驗研究", 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 1993.
[36] 劉豫文, "以相位移陰影雲紋法探討電子構裝體受機械加工後之翹曲行為", 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 2001.
[37] 黃煒展, "以相位移陰影雲紋法及數位投影雲紋法探討電子構裝體之表面行為", 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 2003.
[38] R. S. Sirohi and F. S. Chau, "Optical Methods of Measurement", Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, U. S. A., 1999.
[39] 吳時賢, "桌上型相移式陰影疊紋系統之開發", 屏東科技大學機械工程系碩士論文, 2004.
[40] Website: http://www.yscco.com.tw/
[41] Website: http://www.goodwill.com.tw/hitachi/html/tw/index-c.asp/
[42] Website: http://www.tkk.com.tw/tkk/website/
[43] Website: http://www.newport.com/
[44] Website: http://www.techniquip.com/
[45] Website: http://www.orientalmotor.com/
[46] Website: http://www.net-gmbh.com/
[47] Website: http://www.epoch-optic.com/about-1.htm/
[48] J. Mark, "Polymer Data Handbook", Oxford University Press, Inc., Oxford, England, 1999.
[49] Website: http://www.crocoil.com/
[50] "MATLAB", Version R2007b, The MathWorks, Natick, MA, U.S.A., 2007.
[51] "Origin ", Version 7.5, OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, U.S.A., 2003.
[52] Website: http://www.correlatedsolutions.com/
[53] Website: http://www.instron.com.tw/wa/home/default_zh_tw.aspx/
[54] "ANSYS Basic Structural Nonlinearities Training Manual", Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, PA, U. S. A., 2006.
[55] "ANSYS Heat Transfer Training Manual", Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, PA, U. S. A., 2003.
[56] 莊佳橙, "應用自動化相位移陰影疊紋系統量測晶圓外型",國立成功大學機械工程學系碩士論文, 2002.
[57] "Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting", ASTM D882-09 The American Society for Testing Material International, PA, U.S.A., 2003.