在本論文中，我們利用銀奈米粒子的特殊光學性質─表面電漿共振( Surface plasmon resonance, SPR )，產生的金屬增強螢光效應( Metal-enhanced fluorescence )，使得高螢光發光效率的重要商業產品釔鋁石榴石( Y3Al5O12, YAG, 螢光量子效率為 0.7~0.8 )的螢光放光強度更為增加。而且我們發現，使用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮( Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP )，或是聚苯胺衍生物( Pan-SBu、Pan-Cys )可以成功地在YAG顆粒上形成一層均勻的包覆膜，此高分子包覆膜可同時扮演兩種角色，第一為協助吸附銀奈米顆粒於YAG顆粒的表面上，第二為使奈米銀與YAG表面間隔一可控制的適當距離。奈米級歐傑電子能譜儀( Nano-Auger )可幫助我們量測顆粒極表面的元素組成訊號，以及其擁有解析度較高的SEM影像，進一步輔助我們瞭解表面上微小區域的元素組成；並利用高解析穿透式電子顯微鏡( HR-TEM )來觀察與量測高分子在YAG表面包覆的厚度，以及奈米銀在其表面上的分布狀態，搭配螢光放光光譜儀( PL )的量測結果，可以發現YAG螢光放光的強度，確實有隨著兩者的間隔距離以及奈米銀的數量多寡而改變。
　　我們也發現以聚苯胺衍生物做為間隔膜時，不僅僅可以控制聚苯胺衍生物在YAG表面上的包覆厚度，還可以利用由本實驗室所開發之同步還原取代反應( Concurrent reduction and substitution reaction, CRS ) 合成出各種含硫的側鏈取代基聚苯胺衍生物，使其對銀離子有更強的吸引力，並利用聚苯胺主鏈的氧化還原能力，可讓銀離子直接在YAG表面還原成長成較大且適合尺寸之銀奈米顆粒，且相較於加入現成的銀奈米顆粒，此方法可使奈米銀集中成長在YAG表面，增加奈米銀的使用效率。
　　由實驗結果得知，於YAG表面上沉積銀奈米顆粒的數量不可過多，否則會造成YAG螢光強度大幅的減弱。而含半胱胺酸( Cysteine )取代基聚苯胺衍生物( Pan-Cys )對於銀粒子的吸引力較強，可抓住更多的奈米銀粒子，而當其在YAG表面上的包覆厚度約為 10~15 nm 時，銀奈米顆粒的數量控制在少量的範圍時，可達到 1.25~1.50 倍的增強放光效果，甚至超越YAG原本的量子效率。此結果顯示銀奈米顆粒的表面電漿共振效應，確實可造成YAG的螢光放光強度增強的效果。

　　In this dissertation, we utilized the“surface plasmon resonance”effect of silver nanoparticles to study the metal-enhanced fluorescence effect for the fluorphore, YAG. We have demonstrated that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyaniline (Pani) or it derivative ─ Pan-SBu, Pan-Cys can form a uniform coating layer on the surface of YAG particles, which can be used as the absorption layer for the silver nanoparticles on YAG, and meanwhile served as a spacer between silver nanoparticles and YAG particles. Auger electron nanosc ope (Nano-Auger) was used to analyze the elemental compositions for the particle surface, which is coupled with a high resolution SEM to help locate specific interested small area; the thickness of the polymer encapsulation and the distribution of silver nanoparticles on YAG surface were observed by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The photoluminescence (PL) results showed that fluorescence emission intensity of YAG varied with the interval distance between YAG surface and the silver nanoparticles and is also very sensitive to the amount of the surface silver nanoparticles.
　　Our results also indicated that Pan-SBu and Pan-Cys display stronger attractive force between the –SBu or –Cys functional group and silver. Most interestingly, the redox ability of the Pani chain can help reduce silver ion and grow silver nanoparticles directly on the YAG surface, which can greatly increase the use efficiency of silver nanoparticles.
　　Furthermore, the amount of silver nanoparticles on the YAG surface should be appropriately controlled to prevent fluorescence quench by overdosed silver nanoparticles. We found that the optimal encapsulation thickness of Pan-Cys is about 10~15 nm, which lead to 1.25~1.50 fold enhancement on fluorescence intensity.

第 一 章　緒 論 與 文 獻 回 顧 1
1-1　緒論 2
1-2　表面電漿共振 4
1-2-1　金屬奈米粒子的光學性質 4
1-2-2　表面電漿子 6
1-2-3　金屬奈米粒子在光學元件上的應用價值 8
1-3　利用金屬奈米粒子其表面電漿共振增強螢光放光 12
1-3-1　螢光增強理論 12
1-3-2　影響螢光增強效應的因素 15
1-4　導電高分子簡介 19
1-4-1　導電高分子聚苯胺簡介 21
1-4-2　化學方法合成聚苯胺 22
1-4-3　聚苯胺聚合機構 23
1-4-4　聚苯胺性質鑑定 25
1-5　YAG螢光粉簡介 30
1-6　金屬增強螢光效應的實例 31
1-7　研究動機 36
1-8　參考文獻 37
第 二 章　實 驗 內 容 43
2-1　藥品 44
2-2　聚苯胺的合成 45
2-3　利用同步還原取代反應 ( CRS ) 合成聚苯胺衍生物 47
2-4　包覆高分子於YAG顆粒表面並沉積銀奈米顆粒 50
2-5　於YAG顆粒表面包覆聚苯胺衍生物 51
2-5-1　於YAG顆粒表面包覆Pan-SBu 51
2-5-2　於YAG顆粒表面包覆Pan-Cys 51
2-5-3　於YAG顆粒表面包覆聚苯胺後再進行CRS反應接上取代基　52
2-6　於YAG顆粒表面成長銀奈米顆粒 55
2-6-1　以檸檬酸鈉做為保護劑 55
2-6-2　以PVP做為保護劑 55
2-7　製做聚二甲基矽氧烷(Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS)薄膜　56
2-7　儀器部份 57
第三章　銀奈米粒子與YAG間的距離對螢光強度的影響 61
3-1　利用PVP做為間隔膜包覆於YAG螢光粉顆粒表面 62
3-1-1　實驗方法的建立 62
3-1-2　紅外線光譜儀(FT-IR)的鑑定結果分析與討論 67
3-1-3　熱重量分析儀(TG-DTA)的鑑定結果分析與討論 68
3-1-4　高解析穿透式電子顯微鏡(HR-TEM)的鑑定結果分析與討論　　　　　70
3-1-5　歐傑電子能譜儀(Auger electron spectroscopy)的鑑定結果分析與討論 73
3-2　沉積銀奈米顆粒於YAG螢光粉顆粒表面 76
3-2-1　銀奈米顆粒之基本性質 76
3-2-2　實驗方法的建立 78
3-3　螢光放光結果與討論 79
3-3-1　PVP薄膜厚度對螢光放光強度的影響 79
3-3-2　銀奈米顆粒數量對螢光放光的影響 82
3-4　結論 90
3-5　參考文獻 90
第四章　聚苯胺衍生物包覆於YAG顆粒表面並成長銀奈米顆粒對螢光強度的影響 91
4-1　前言 92
4-2　Pan-SBu與Pan-Cys之合成與鑑定 94
4-2-1　Pan-SBu的合成與鑑定 94
4-2-2　Pan-Cys的合成與鑑定 100
4-3　利用Pan-SBu包覆於YAG顆粒表面 104
4-3-1　實驗方法的建立 104
4-3-2　不同濃度Pan-SBu包覆在YAG顆粒表面上的鑑定結果 109
4-3-3　不同濃度Pan-SBu包覆在YAG顆粒表面對螢光放光的影響 112
4-4　利用Pan-Cys包覆於YAG顆粒表面 115
4-4-1　實驗方法的建立 115
4-4-2　不同濃度Pan-Cys包覆在YAG顆粒表面上的鑑定結果 115
4-4-3　不同濃度Pan-Cys包覆在YAG顆粒表面對螢光放光的影響 119
4-5　於YAG顆粒表面上成長銀奈米顆粒 122
4-5-1　實驗方法的建立 122
4-5-2　以檸檬酸鈉作為保護劑 123
4-5-3　不同反應時間成長銀奈米顆粒的鑑定結果及其對螢光放光強度的影響 124
4-5-4　 YAG顆粒表面上之銀奈米顆粒數量對螢光放光強度的影響 130
4-5-5　以PVP高分子作為保護劑 136
4-5-6　不同厚度之Pan-Cys對YAG螢光放光的影響 137
4-5-7　降低銀奈米顆粒的數量對YAG螢光放光的影響 141
4-6　於YAG顆粒表面上進行CRS反應 145
4-6-1　於YAG顆粒表面上合成Pan-SBu 145
4-6-2　於YAG顆粒表面上合成Pan-Cys 149
4-7　結論 153
4-8　參考文獻 154

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