暗期光中斷對水稻生長、發育及生產之影響

Effects of Short-Term Night Interruption on the Growth, Development, and Yield of Rice

李裕娟(Yuh-Jyuan Lee) ； 楊純明(Chwen-Ming Yang) ； 蕭巧玲(Chiao-Ling Hsiao)

《台灣農業研究》 59卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2010.05901.01

摘要

本研究於行政院農業委員會農業試驗所農場進行田間試驗，選用較低感光性稻種台稉2號(TK 2)及較高感光性稻種台稉11號(TK 11)為參試材料，利用高壓鈉燈(HPSL)、水銀燈(ML)及不照光(CK)等三種光源進行夜間暗期光中斷處理（時程介於23:30至01:30，光照2小時），據以探討短期夜間暗期光中斷對不同感光性稻種生長、發育及產量之影響。由位於不等光源距離稻株植被表面上方之光合作用光子流密度(PPFD)及光度測值分佈曲線，發現概以HPSL之光輻射測值大於ML者，並皆符合以距離平方倒數遞減比例衰降，在兩參試稻種所測得之趨勢類似。由於自插秧起至50%抽穗所需天數及50%抽穗至收穫所需天數均可能因為夜間光中斷而延長，顯示暗期光中斷將可能改變稻株發育進展及生育天數，而此一效應愈接近光源愈加明顯。暗期光中斷處理對參試稻種生長之影響，由收穫時調查之株高、葉片數、葉面積及植株各部位（葉片、桿、穗）鮮重與乾重等生長性狀顯示，ML光照對株高的伸長效應低於HPSL光照，兩光源處理尚且僅有一期稻作近光源（分別為≤2 m及≤4 m）稻株有輕微促進，二期稻作則幾無作用。此兩種光源處理在兩期稻作均可提高近光源(≤4 m)稻株之葉片數及葉面積，且TK 11表現大於TK 2。另無論期作別，距離光源4 m以內兩稻種植體之葉重及桿重均增加，HPSL之促進效果又高於ML。穗重則呈現相反結果，夜間光照將明顯降低TK 11收穫之稻穗重量，特別是距離光源4 m以內稻株具有較大差異，HPSL之抑制效果高於ML；TK 2亦有類似現象，而以HPSL光照差異較明顯。由產量性狀之分析，顯示暗期光中斷將會減少TK 11之有效分蘗百分比、稔實率及千粒重，且以距離光源小於4 m稻株受到的影響最大，然對千粒重的影響較小。TK 2受到夜間光中斷的影響相對低於TK 11，僅以距離HPSL光源2 m以內稻株受到較大影響。由收穫指數之變化，可知TK 11及TK 2均因暗期光中斷造成收穫指數降低，尤以小於4 m光源距離之稻株較為明顯。

關鍵字

暗期光中斷 ； 感光性 ； 水稻 ； 生長 ； 生產

並列摘要

Lee, Y. J., C. M. Yang, and C. L. Hsiao. 2010. Effects of short-term night interruption on the growth, development, and yield of rice. J. Taiwan Agric. Res. 59:1-18.
Field experiments were conducted in the experimental farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute to study the effects of short-term (2 h in-between 23:30 and 01:30) night interruption, using high pressure sodium lamp (HPSL) and mercury lamp (ML) as light sources with no light treatment (CK) in comparison, on the growth, development and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cultivars of varied photo-sensitivities, higher sensitive TK 11 relative to lower sensitive TK 2, were selected to grow in the second crop of 2007 and the first crop of 2008. From the distribution curves of light intensity and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) with distance away from light sources, radiation values of HPSL were higher than that of ML at the same distance and the decrease of radiation with distance obeyed the general inverse square law. As the results indicated, short-term night interruption affected plant development and growth duration. Light interruption in the dark period extended the days required from transplanting to 50% heading and from 50% heading to harvest, and the effects were stronger when plants were more closed to the light sources. Night interruption also affected plant growth of both cultivars. At harvest, plant height was increased by lighting in plants within 4 m from light sources in the first crop, but not in the second crop, especially under HPSL. Leaf number and leaf area were improved in plants within the distance of less than 4 m in both crops and the increments were larger in TK 11 than in TK 2. Similar results were found in weights of leaves and culms and HPSL treatment had a better improvement. However, night interruption decreased panicle weights of these two cultivars at harvest, particularly in plants of TK 11 within 4 m distance of light sources. The inhibition effect was more pronounced under HPSL. From the analyses of yield components, lighting imposed negative impacts on percent effective tillers, percent filled grains, and 1000-grain weight in both cropping seasons. Plants of TK 11 within 4 m and plants of TK 2 within 2 m, though with less scale, were the range most affected in both crops. Due to an increase of vegetative tissues while a decrease of reproductive tissues, harvest index of two tested cultivars was declined by night interruption, particular within 4 m away from light sources.

並列關鍵字

Dark period light interruption ； Night interruption ； Photo-sensitivity ； Rice ； Growth ； Production