夜間光照時程對水稻生長、發育及產量之影響

Effect of Night Illumination on Growth, Development and Yield of Rice

李裕娟(Yuh-Jyuan Lee) ； 楊純明(Chwen-Ming Yang) ； 蕭巧玲(Chiao-Ling Hsiao)

《台灣農業研究》 60卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 21-38

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2011.06001.03

摘要

本研究於臺中市霧峰區之行政院農業委員會農業試驗所農場進行田間試驗，選用較低感光性稻種臺稉2號(TK2)及較高感光性稻種臺稉11號(TK11)為參試材料，利用高壓鈉燈(HPSL)、水銀燈(ML)及不照光(CK)等3種光源進行兩種夜間光照（暗期光中斷）時程之處理（時程Ⅰ：23:30至01:30，光照2小時；時程Ⅱ：23:30至24:30，光照1小時），據以探討夜間光照對不同感光性稻種生長、發育及產量之影響。經由位於不等光源距離稻株植被（冠）上方之光子流密度(PPFD)測值分佈曲線，發現概以HPSL之光輻射測值大於ML者，且均符合以距離平方倒數之遞減比例衰降，在兩參試稻種所測得之趨勢亦類似。由試驗結果發現，兩稻種植株高度對夜間額外光照反應之差異不大，單株葉片數和葉面積則因此而受到明顯促進，並增加葉片與莖桿之鮮、乾重。此一生長促進效果愈接近光源愈明顯，而2小時程之處理效應略多大於1小時時程，HPSL光源又高於ML光源。稻株生育之進展將因為夜間光照而延後（緩），無論自插秧至50%抽穗或由50%抽穗至收穫等兩期間皆然，且愈近光源之稻株延後效應愈明顯。雖然夜間額外光照促進了稻株之生長性狀，但光敏感性較高之TK 11稻種的穗鮮、乾重卻因此而出現顯著下降現象，經分析原因主要係稻株有效分蘗百分比及稔實率減少之故，且2小時光照時程減少幅度略大於1小時，HPSL處理又高於ML處理。穗重的降低導致收穫指數顯著下降，接近光源距離2m內的TK 11稻株甚至減為對照組的15-55%或無法抽穗。光敏感性較低之TK 2稻種受到夜間光照影響相對小於TK 11，雖然有效分蘗百分比無明顯差異，惟稔實率及千粒重的降低也造成TK 2收穫指數的下降。

關鍵字

夜間光照 ； 暗期光中斷 ； 光照處理時程 ； 水稻 ； 生育 ； 產量

並列摘要

Field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan to determine effects of night illumination on growth, development and yield of rice, using a light-sensitive cultivar TK 11 and a light-insensitive cultivar TK 2. The two lighting treatments were further divided into two subtreatments: (a) lighting for 2-h (from 23:30 to 01:30) and (b) lighting for 1-h (from 23:30 to 00:30). Both mercury lamp (ML) and high pressure sodium lamp (HPSL) were chosen as light sources for the treatment. Values of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) measured above rice canopies of TK 2 and TK 11 were in proportion to the reverse law of squares, and the values of light intensity were higher in HPSL than in ML. Compared to the control (no light illumination), plant height was not significantly affected by night illumination of ML and HPSL, but the light treatments significantly increased leaf number and leaf area and thereby, increased the fresh weight and dry weight of rice leaves and culms. The effects of growth promotion were more prominent for plants closer to the light source, plants treated with 2-h night illumination (compared to 1-h night illumination), and light source from ML (compared to light source from HPSL). Night illumination prolonged growth of rice plants for both of transplanting to 50% heading and 50% heading to harvest, and this growth promotion phenomenon was more prominent for plants closer to the light source due to increase in light intensity. For the light sensitive variety TK 11, both fresh weight and dry weight of panicles were greatly reduced due to reduction of productive tillers and increased of empty grains. The reduction of fresh and dry weights of TK 11 in 2-h night illumination was higher than in 1-h night illumination, and it was also higher in HPSL treatment than in ML treatment. Compared to TK 11, the effect of night illumination on panicle weights and harvest index of the light insensitive variety TK 2 was less obvious, and the contributing factors for yield reduction were percentage of filled grains and 1000-grain weight, not percentage of effective tillers.

並列關鍵字

Night illumination ； Dark period light interruption ； Period of light treatment ； Rice ； Oryza sativa ； Growth and development ； Yield