台灣產二種藥用石斛的栽培介質及礦物元素分析

Effect of Culture Media on Growth and Mineral Contents of Two Native Species of Medicinal Dendrobium in Taiwan

羅淑芳(Shu-Fang Lo) ； 郭昭麟(Chao-Lin Kuo) ； 廖大經(Dah-Jing Liao) ； 陳宗禮(Chung-Li Chen) ； 蔡新聲(Hsin-Sheng Tsay)

《台灣農業研究》 60卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 39-48

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2011.06001.04

摘要

黃花石斛的幼苗培養於全量MS培養基，添加1.5%蔗糖，不添加任何有機添加物或分別添加8%香蕉泥、8%馬鈴薯汁液或8%椰子汁等四種培養基培養20週，再以水苔或水苔＋中細蛇木屑為栽培介質，移植20週後植株成活率可達93-100%；而僅以中細蛇木屑不含水苔為栽培介質的成活率僅40-67%。另外，銅皮石斛的幼苗培養於全量MS培養基，添加1.5%蔗糖，8%香蕉泥＋8%馬鈴薯汁液＋8%椰子汁等培養20週後，移植到水苔或水苔＋中細蛇木屑混合的栽培介質，植株的成活率可達100%，顯示銅皮及黃花石斛組培苗最佳的栽培介質為水苔或水苔+中細蛇木屑，移植到溫室1年後顯示以水苔＋中細蛇木屑為栽培介質，對於兩種石斛的植株鮮重、株高及根數有顯著的效果。銅皮石斛及黃花石斛組培苗培養20週、組培苗移植1年的植株及野生植株等3種材料分析其礦物元素含量包括N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B和Na，結果銅皮石斛及黃花石斛組培苗培養20週的N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和B含量有較高的趨勢，但兩物種組培苗移植1年的植株，除了Ca、Mg及Na含量較高外，其餘礦物元素含量顯著降低，有部份與野生植株含量類似，故此兩種初期移植組培苗的礦物含量高，不適宜直接利用為中藥材，而可採用組培苗移植1年後的植株。

關鍵字

銅皮石斛 ； 黃花石斛 ； 栽培介質 ； 礦物元素

並列摘要

Shi-hu (Dendrobium sp.) is one of the important plants for the traditional Chinese medicine. Dendrobium tosaense and D. moniliforme are the two important native species in Taiwan and they are used commercially as herbs. Seedlings from germinated seeds of D. tosaense transferred onto MS basic salt medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose, 0.9% Difco agar and 8% banana homogenate or potato juice or coconut water developed into healthy plantlets after culturing for 20 weeks. The 20-week-old plantlets were further transplanted to different culture media (sphagnum moss or tree fern or a mixture of sphagnum moss and tree fern) for ex vivo acclimation. Results showed that 93-100% of the plantlets survived either in sphagnum moss alone or in a mixture of sphagnum moss and tree fern. Seedlings from germinated seeds of D. moniliforme cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose, 0.9% Difco agar, 8% banana homogenate, 8% potato juice, and 8% coconut water developed into healthy plantlets after culturing for 20 weeks. Transfer of the 20-week-old plantlets into a mixture of sphagnum moss and tree fern for ex vivo acclimation also resulted in the production of 100% healthy plants. Therefore, the mixture of sphagnum moss and tree fern was the best medium for ex vivo acclimation of D. moniliforme and D. tosaense as it significantly increased fresh weight, plant height and number of roots of these plants grown in the greenhouse. Seedlings of D. moniliforme and D. tosaense from tissue culture for 20 weeks, 1 year old greenhouse-grown plants and field-grown plants were analyzed for mineral contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Na. Results showed that concentrations of mineral elements (N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) were high in 20-week-old seedlings from in vitro tissue culture, whereas concentrations of all mineral elements in whole plant of tissue culture plantlets transplanted in the mixture of sphagnum moss and tree fern in the greenhouse for one year decreased significantly (P＜0.05) except for the concentrations of Ca, Mg and Na which remained high. For the whole plant of field-grown plants, the concentrations of all mineral elements were significantly lower than the 20-week-old plantlets from tissue culture. Therefore, the seedlings of D. moniliforme and D. tosaense from in vitro culture are unsuitable for use as Chinese medicine due to high mineral contents; however, these plantlets can be used after an ex vitro acclimation in the mixture of sphagnum moss and tree fern under greenhouse conditions for one year.

並列關鍵字

Dendrobium moniliforme ； D. tosaense ； Culture media ； Mineral contents