This is a case of 74-year-old male farmer without any systemic disease except thrombocytopenia in previous health examination, but he didn't receive any further examination or treatment. Unfortunately, due to recurrent painless gross hematuria and thrombocytopenia, he was hospitalized with the diagnosis of aplastic anemia. Since then he had received medication and multiple platelets transfusion regularly, but in vain. Therefore, he decided to seek for the intervention of traditional Chinese Medicine. The patient's identify pattern is the essence insufficiency and blood vacuity by Chinese Medical diagnosis. We treated with the principle of supplementing kidney and replenish essence, nourish blood and boosting qi. Gross hematuria was relieved after a period of combined treatment of Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. The interval and total units of platelets transfusion were also decreased. The present case showed that the efficacy of Chinese Medicine has its own uniqueness included symptoms relieved, controlling disease progression, and elevated quality of life.