農民休閒需求相關因素之研究

The Research of Farmers' Leisure Needs

馮祥勇(Shiang-Yung Feng)

《農業推廣學報》 9期 (1992/06) Pp. 95-123

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.199206.0004

摘要

近來工時的縮短，自用時間的增多，無疑的使得人們更加重視休閒生活，休閒活動的種類也因此推陳出新，以滿足人們的需求。休閒生活對個人的生理、心理及社會的健全發展是必要的，Cooley及Mead視遊戲為社會化過程的重要角色；Seymour認為休閒是人類改善生活所必需的。從農業與農民的角度來看，農業與農民有密不可分的關係，蕭崑杉認為利用休閒使農民獲得自我的發展性，是農業推廣教重要的功能之一。因此，研究農民的休閒行為與需求，提供農村建立休閒設施與倡導農民正當休閒活動的參考，是急切而重要的工作。本文以農民為對象，所作的試探性研究。首先對農民的休閒生活做概略性的瞭解；然後根據相關文獻和理論的概念，考慮個人、家庭、工作環境（農場經營）和社區四種層次不同的變數對其休閒活動的影響。以問卷調查的方式，訪問全省280位農民，包括109位專業農，144位兼業農及27位農家中非農業勞動人口。得到以下的結論：1.看電視和錄影帶是農民平日最主要的休閒，天天看電視或錄影帶的農民高達83.9％，且時間多在三十分鐘至二小時之間。2.休閒喜好態度和行為頻度的相關性分析，發現農民休閒喜好態度和行為頻度之間的一致性很高，也就是說休閒喜好態度越高，行為頻度也越高。3.農民休閒需求的類型，經統計分析後可得到知識與遊憩型、社交與遊憩型、作業型、忙碌熱鬧型、家務型、娛樂活動型和逛街型等七個因素類型。又經相關分析發現，年齡較輕、未婚、教育程度高的兼業農，對於一般休閒的需求也較高。

並列摘要

While working time becomes shorter, people has much more free time and, thus, pays much attention to leisure activities in their life. To fulfill people's leisure needs, a variety of leisure activities pervades. More importantly, leisure activities help in individuals' physical, psychological and social development. Leisure activities indeed accelerate the quality of modern life. Farmers, no acception, need leisure activities for their self-development and betterment in life. Program development in leisure activities, in recent years, becomes important to agricultural extension. Therefore, this research intends to study farmers' leisure needs and behaviors. It, furthermore, expects to provide appropriate suggestions for well establishment of leisure facilities and adequate development of leisure activities for farmers as well as rural communities.The research, based on scrutinized literatural reviews, indicated several relevant concepts in related to leisure and expounded them as variables which affect farmers' leisure needs and behaviors. The variables include (1) demographic factors of individual farmers, (2) types of farm family, (3) managerial types of farming, and (4) modernity of rural community. In methology, this research basically employed questionnaire interview and statistical analysis. Totally, this study interviewed 280 farmers -109 full- time farmers, 144 part - timefarmers and 27 non-farm employees who belong to farm family.In sum, this research, according to statistical data, has several findings which will be listed in below :(l)Farmers' major leisure activities are watching TV and Videotapes. The evidence is that 83.9% of the investigated farmers watch TV or Videotapes everday and spend 30 minutes to two hours per day.(2)Farmers' leisure preference and behavior frequencies reveals positive relation-ship. In other words, the higer the leisure preference the farmers have, the more frequencies the leisure behaviors they act.(3)Farmers' leisure needs, throughout factor analysis, are categorized into seven types. The seven types are knowledge leisure, social leisure, task orientation, folk activities, household duties, physical activities, and shopping. In addition, farmers who urge for leisure activities are those who are farmers of part-time, young, single and high educated.