Developing Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture-Taiwan Experiences

永續農業之發展策略

吳聰賢(Tsong-Shien Wu)

《農業推廣學報》 10期 (1993/12) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.199312.0001

摘要

對於破壞自然環境之關心，最近幾年來，科學家發展若干能做持續有利潤的生產和改進生活品質的農業制度，這種永續農業的概念涵蓋如下的農業制度：自然農業、有機農業、生態農業、可更新農業、生物農業及生物動態農業等。永續農業可以解釋為一種整合的科學農業經營制度，用意為長期妥善使用水土資源、少依賴不再生資源、減少破壞生活環境及自然生態平衡之維持，為我們子孫保留持續能獲利的生產和自然環境。台灣永續農業研究集中在如下範圍：（1）輪作與間作、（2）土壤肥分管理、（3）有機肥料之使用、（4）植物蟲害防治、（5）非化學自然殺蟲劑之使用、（6）非化學雜草控制管理。但是，在田間研擬一套永續農業之推廣計畫與制度時，面臨如下的挑戰。（1）在己開發國家和溫帶地區實驗之生產利潤和資源效率，未必能適合開發中國家和熱帶地區。（2）農民慣用化學肥料。（3）消費者對生活品質改善之持續要求，可能引導他們拋棄國內農業而尋求進口農產品。著者提議一種共同推廣制度，用以發展永續農業。共同推廣制度，可以解釋為一種策略，用以組織農民和消費者，並教育相關成員，做規範性和理性的農場管理，以獲得持續利潤和持續使用資源，並符合市場需求和社會的需要。

並列摘要

With growing concerns about deterioration of the natural environment scientists have in recent years been developing several agricultural systems which are capable of continuous and profitable production and improving living quality of human life. These concepts of sustainable agriculture include: natural agriculture, organic agriculture, ecoagriculture, renewable agriculture, biological agriculture, and biodynamic agriculture.Sustainable agriculture may be defined as an integrated scientific agricultural operation system guided by carefully designed resource management strategies for appropriate long range use of soil and water resources minimal dependence on nonrenewable resources, reduced contamination of the living environment and maintenance of a natural ecological equilibrium in order to sustain profitable production and preserve the natural environment for our future generation.Taiwan agriculture has focused on the following research areas: (1) rotation and intercropping, (2) soil nutrient management, (3) use of organic fertilizer, (4) plant pest management, (5) use of non - chemical natural pesticides, (6) non - chemical weed control management.We are, however, facing the following challenges in constructing an extension program and system for sustainable farming in the field.(1) Production benefits and resource efficiency tested in developed and temperate countries may not be applicable to less developed and tropical countries.(2) Farmers are used to intensive use of chemical materials.(3) Consumers' increasing demand for a good living environment may lead them to reject domestic agricultural products and seek imported foreign foods.The author is proposing that a corporate extension system can be employed to assist in developing a sustainable agriculture. The corporate extension system may be defined as a developmental strategy to organize farmers and customers and teach affiliated members to make normative and rational decisions to manage farms in order to achieve sustainable profits and continuous use of resources in response to market demands and societal needs.