影響植物對禾草類除草劑抗性之兩類型乙醯輔酶A羧化酵素

Two Types of acetyl-coenzyme a Carboxylase Affecting Graminicide Resistance in Plants

蔣佩珊(Pei-San Chiang) ； 蔣永正(Yeong-Jene Chiang) ； 劉又彰(Yow-Jang Liou) ； 王慶裕(Ching-Yuh Wang)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 30卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 143-150

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2009-030(2)-143

摘要

禾草類除草劑(graminicides)為一種萌後施用的選擇性除草劑，主要抑制禾本科雜草的生長，依分子架構可分為兩類：包括aryloxyphenoxypropionates和cyclohexanediones，其作用為抑制脂肪酸合成路徑中第一個關鍵酵素乙醯輔酶A羧化酵素(acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase; ACCase)之活性，使植物無法合成脂肪酸，造成細胞膜構造受到破壞而導致植物死亡，此類除草劑亦可稱為ACCase抑制型除草劑。植物細胞中的ACCase可分為原核生物型(prokaryotic)及真核生物型(eukaryotic)兩種，於原核生物(prokaryote)的質體(plastids)中通常存在著多次單位(multisubunit)的ACCase類型，屬於原核生物型ACCase；而真核生物(eukaryote)的細胞質(cytosol)中通常存在多功能型(multifunctional)的ACCase，屬於真核生物型ACCase。一般而言，禾草類除草劑會抑制質體中真核生物型ACCase的活性，研究報告顯示禾本科植物質體中存在的MF ACCase正是禾草類除草劑作用之目標位置，而MS ACCase則對此類藥劑很不敏感。本篇報告主要探討禾草類除草劑所作用的目標酵素中兩類型ACCase在不同植物物種中的分佈，以及在禾草類除草劑處理下抗性植物中ACCase所扮演之角色。

關鍵字

禾草類除草劑 ； 乙醯輔酶A羧化酵素 ； 原核生物型 ； 真核生物型

並列摘要

Graminicides are postemergence herbicides selectively used in cereal crop fields for the control of grass weeds. The action mechanism of this kind of herbicides including aryloxyphenoxypropionates and cyclohexanediones is the inhibition of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) activity, results in the blocking of fatty acid biosynthesis and damage of cell membrane integrity. In general, there are two types of ACCase, i.e., prokaryotic and eukaryotic ACCase, in higher plants, the former commonly exists in plastids and this protein complex consists of 4 different subunits (multisubunit ACCase), and the latter exists in cytosol in a single polypeptide form with 4 corresponding subunit domains, also called multifunctional ACCase (MF ACCase). In gerenal, the activity of eukaryotic ACCase in plastids of grass plants is susceptible to and inhibited by graminicides, whereas that of prokaryotic ACCase (MS ACCase) is little affected. The distribution of both types of ACCase in higher plants, and the role of ACCase in the graminicide resistance are discussed.

並列關鍵字

Graminicides ； acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase ； prokaryotic ； eukaryotic