- 期刊
17種茄科草本植物葉表毛茸形態特徵之研究
Study on the Morphology of Leaf Trichomes of Seventeen Solanaceae Species
摘要
茄科番茄屬(Lycopersicon)多種植物葉表被有腺體毛茸(glandular trichrome)，常因穿刺性或咀嚼性昆蟲取食時分泌出具抗蟲之二次代謝物，以減輕昆蟲造成的傷害。其中野生之多毛番茄(L. hirsutum f. glabratum)已被證實葉表有Ⅵ型腺體毛茸，可分泌出甲基酮類化合物，對二點葉蟎(Tetranychus urticae Koch)有致毒及忌避之特性。本研究利用掃描式電子顯微鏡，觀察17種茄科草本植物葉表毛茸的形態，包括番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Miller)、多毛番茄(L. hirsutum f. glabratum)、櫻桃小番茄(L. esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray)、燈籠草(Physalis angulata L.)、毛酸漿(Physalis putescens L.)、光果龍葵(Solanum nigrum L.)、瑪瑙珠(S. diphyllum L.)、五指茄(S. Mammosum L.)、剌茄(S. capsicoides Allioni)、擬剌茄(S. sisymbriifolium Lam.)、白英(S. lyratum Thunb)、珊瑚櫻(S. pseudocapsicum L.)、印度茄(S. violaceum Ortega)、黃水茄(S. incanum L.)、山菸草(S. erianthum D. Don.)、萬桃花(S. torvum Swartz)及皺葉菸草(Nicotiana longiflora Cay)等，17種茄科草本植物葉表毛茸的形態主要可區分為4種類別：(1)短棒狀毛茸：僅於葉表形成小突起，數量較少，如毛酸漿、光果龍葵及瑪瑙珠，(2)星狀毛茸：常於基部分岐，遍佈葉表，如珊瑚櫻、印度茄、黃水茄、山菸草及萬桃花，(3)四裂圓球狀的腺體毛茸：番茄、櫻桃小番茄及燈籠草，以及(4)圓球狀的腺體毛茸：五指茄、剌茄、擬剌茄、白英、皺葉菸草及多毛番茄。前3種類型毛茸無腺體或僅有極少量分泌物，與多毛番茄相似具有圓球狀腺體毛茸的五指茄、剌茄、擬剌茄、白英及皺葉菸草，是否皆具抗二點葉蟎之潛力並開發為天然殺蟎劑？其分泌物之種類、含量及調控生合成的基因將成為後續探討之議題。
並列摘要
The glandular trichomes of various Lycopersicon species have been shown to contain several types of secondary compounds, and when the leaf is touched or chewed by herbivores, the contents of the glands are released onto the leaf surface. Considerable effort has been made to link the presence and density of glandular trichomes to levels of host-plant pest resistance both within and among Lycopersicon species. Lycopersicum hirsutum f. glabratum, a wild relative of tomato, is highly resistant to the Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch), an important insect pest of the commercial tomato L. esculentum Mill. Review on the wild tomato, L. hirsutum f. glabratum, has demonstrated that the exudates of type Ⅵ glandular trichomes produce contribute to the Spider mites resistance by a variety of mechanisms including toxicity and repellency. This study was to compare the morphology of trichomes in the mature leaves of seventeen Solanaceae species. Trichomes come in 4 shapes in results: trichomes of three species are papillose, covered with short, soft trichomes such as Physalis putescens L., Solanum nigrum L. and S. diphyllum L. Other trichomes of five species are stellate, have a circular crown of branches which are star-shaped such as S. incanum L., S. pseudocapsicum L., S. sisymbriifolium Lam., S. torvum Swartz and S. violaceum Ortega. Still other trichomes of three species are non-glandular, with little or without secretory function such as Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, L. esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray and Physalis angulata L. Only S. mammosum L., S. capsicoides Allioni, S. sisymbriifolium Lam., S. lyratum Thunb and Nicotiana longiflora Cay. with type VI glandular trichomes, similar to L. hirsutum f. glabratum, may become a valuable source of natural pesticides, which could minimize reliance on synthetic miticide.