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台灣原生或本地植物之碳封存能力評估

Evaluating Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Local Plant Species in Taiwan

摘要


工業革命以來,人類大量開採化石燃料做為能源,致使大量溫室氣體逸散至大氣中,使大氣中碳濃度驟升,造成全球暖化。自1990年代以來,聯合國開始協商並簽署推動一系列之溫室氣體減排公約,藉由公約之力量呼籲社會大眾與各界人士正視全球氣候變遷之議題並共同積極採取相關行動。以農業來說,透過耕作系統之調整或平地造林等生物性封存(biotic sequestration)措施,可有效提升土壤有機碳含量(soil organic carbon content)。本研究挑選三葉埔姜(Vitex trifolia)、石斑木(Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi)、琉球女貞(Ligustrum liukiuense)、台東石楠(Photinia serratifolia var. ardisiifolia)、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、內冬子(Lindera akoensis)等6種台灣原生或本地種灌木種植於溫室之桶式滲漏計中,並以水稻及不種植處理作為對照組,每隔兩月定期分析土壤中有機碳含量之變化,並在試驗結束時測量各植物之生物量。結果顯示,各植物之土壤有機碳量含量無顯著差異,均在28 g kg^(-1)上下,土壤有機碳於各土層中之含量皆大致呈現由上層表土往下層底土遞減之趨勢,10 cm土層之有機碳含量皆顯著高於其他土層;各植物每年每株可固定之CO_2介於0.19-0.56 kg之間,以每平方公尺15株之種植密度換算,每年可固定28.5-84.0 t CO_2 ha^(-1)。因此,透過台灣原生或本地樹種之種植逐年增加土壤有機碳貯量,以達到碳封存(carbon sequestration)及降低溫室氣體效應之目的。

並列摘要


Fossil fuel was exploited on a large scale to act as power sources with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Carbon concentration in the atmosphere was increased since a large amount of greenhouse gas was released to atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is being enhanced. Since 1990s, series of acts were promoted by United Nations. The UN expect to call the public to face the climate change and react positively though the power of acts. In the perspective of agriculture, the soil organic carbon content can be increased effectively by some ways of biotic sequestration such as the adjustment of cultural practices and reforestation. The following 6 varieties of shrubs plants, which are the local species of Taiwan, were planted in different roll infiltrators in the green house: Vitex trifolia, Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi, Ligustrum liukiuense, Photinia serratifolia var. ardisiifolia, Pittosporum tobira, Lindera akoensis. Oryza sativa and the fallow act as control groups. The dynamic of soil organic carbon content was analyzed bimonthly and the biomass of each plants were measured at the end of the experiment. The result shows that there have no significant different of soil organic carbon content in different roll infiltrator. Approximately at the level of 28 g kg^(-1). The soil organic carbon content is decreasing with the depth increased. The 10 cm depth soil layer contains more organic carbon. The amount of carbon dioxide can be fixed by each plant is within the range of 0.16-0.56 kg annually. If the planting density is 15 plants per square feet, 28.5-84.0 t of carbon dioxide will be fixed in one hectare. This study aims at increasing the soil organic carbon content by planting Taiwanese local shrubs species to reach the purpose of carbon sequestration.

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