收穫期及青貯調製方式對於小葉灰藋作為芻料可行性的評估

本研究主要在評估易於秋末至春初萌芽的雜草，小葉灰藋（Chenopodium serotinum L.）在不同收獲期、萎凋時數及接種乳酸菌，對其作為芻料產量與品質的影響。以秋末耕犁整地後在田間自行萌發的小葉灰藋為材料，於耕犁後74、93、105及119天進行收穫調查。隨著收穫期愈晚，小葉灰藋的乾物率及乾物產量愈高，分別由25.1%、6.8公噸／公頃增加至44.7%、12.2公噸／公頃。然而，芻料品質卻隨著收穫期愈晚而降低，粗蛋白質（crude protein）含量自24.3%降至16.8%，酸洗纖維（acid detergent fiber）及中洗纖維（neutral detergent fiber）含量分別自25.7%、61.6%提升至36.5%、66.5%。經萎凋24小時後進行青貯調製，耕犁後119天收穫的高乾物率植株會使發酵生成的乳酸量偏低而青貯品質不佳，藉由乳酸菌的接種可顯著提升青貯乳酸含量及品質，但耕犁後93天收穫的植株不論有無接種乳酸菌均能製成良好青貯。以耕犁後105天收穫的植株進行青貯試驗，隨著萎凋時間由1小時增加至29.5小時，植株的乾物率愈高，水溶性碳水化合物（water soluble carbohydrate）含量雖略有提升，但粗蛋白質含量愈低而纖維含量愈高。無接種乳酸菌下，隨著萎凋時間愈長，青貯發酵產生的乳酸量愈低而青貯品質不佳。藉由乳酸菌的接種，不同萎凋時間的乳酸含量均顯著提升，青貯達到優良等級之品質。由本研究結果可知，透過收獲期的掌握、適度的萎凋與乳酸菌的接種，小葉灰藋具有良好的營養價值與青貯品質，適合作為芻料。

關鍵字

小葉灰藋；收穫期；萎凋；乳酸菌接種；青貯

並列摘要

To evaluate harvest time and ensiling treatments of forage yield and quality, this study was conducted to use Chenopodium serotinum L. for making forage, which was weed widely sprout in field during late fall to early spring. Using C. serotinum of late fall which spontaneously germinated in the field after plowing as study material, forage yield and quality were examined by the harvest time of 74, 93, 105 and 119 days after plowing (DAP). The later the harvest time, the higher the dry matter content and yield, from 25.1% and 6.8 ton/ha would increase to 44.7% and 12.2 ton/ha, respectively. However, forage quality became worse on later harvest time. The content of crude protein (CP) from 24.3% decreased to 16.8%, and the content of acid- and neutral-detergent fiber from 25.7% and 61.6% increased to 36.5% and 66.5%, respectively. By wilted 24 hours treatment for ensiling, plants harvested of 119 DAP caused less lactic acid content and deteriorated quality due to its high dry matter content, and it could significantly increase its silage lactic acid content and quality by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation. Nevertheless, plants harvested of 93 DAP could make high quality silage no matter with or without LAB inoculation. Plants harvested of 105 DAP were used for ensiling, as the wilted time increased from 1 to 29.5 hours, dry matter content of the plant was getting increasingly high. Though the content of water soluble carbohydrate slightly raised by the increasing wilted time, content of CP was getting increasingly low, while acid- and neutral- detergent fiber content were getting increasingly high. The result showed that without LAB inoculation, the longer the wilted time, the less the lactic acid and the worse the quality of silage. With LAB inoculation, lactic acid content of silage significantly increased to excellent quality among all wilted time. By controlling harvest time, moderate wilted time and with LAB inoculation, it is concluded that C. serotinum has good nutritional value and silage quality, and it is suitable for making forage.

並列關鍵字

Chenopodium serotinum L. ； harvest time ； wilt ； lactic acid bacteria inoculation ； silage

國際替代計量

收穫期及青貯調製方式對於小葉灰藋作為芻料可行性的評估

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