- 期刊
重金屬鎘經飲水對大鼠之亞慢性毒性
Subchronic Toxicity of Cadmium via Drinking Water in Rats
摘要
以飲水中含0、50、150及250ppm之氯化鎘（CdCl2）連續餵飼大鼠（Wistar strain）3個月及停藥1個月後，探討大鼠經飲水餵食鎘之亞慢性毒性傷害。結果顯示，處理組雌雄鼠之總飲水消耗量及體重總增重均較對照組減少，並呈濃度與反應負相關性。處理組之肝臟、腎臟、脾臟及睪丸與體重之相對重量比均有顯著增加。250ppm處理組雄鼠之睪丸相對重量比雖明顯增加，但於該衛星處理組則較該衛星對照組有減輕趨勢；處理組血液之平均血球容積比、血色素濃度及平均血球體積值均呈減少現象，為一低血色素性小球性貧血；血清血糖（glucose）值下降而肌氨酸酐（creatinine）含量則上升；血液及各臟器內之鎘濃度隨飲水中鎘濃度之增加而遞增，其中又以肝臟及腎臟含量最高，脾臟、肺臟、股骨、睪丸及腦次之；顯示鎘具有引起低血糖及腎小管累積毒性。肉眼病變可見處理組腎及脾臟呈輕度腫脹，而250ppm處理組之雄鼠睪丸腫脹或萎縮變小。組織病理檢查發現腎臟腎小管上皮細胞呈水滴樣變性及局部間質性腎炎。雄鼠睪丸生精小管壞死、萎縮及管腔內精蟲減少或無精蟲；副睪尾內精蟲數減少、壞死及多核巨細胞增加。綜合上述結果顯示，鎘經飲水餵食大鼠所引起亞慢性毒性之傷害標的器官，除腎臟外，雄鼠睪丸亦為明顯之受害器官。
並列摘要
The objective of the study was to investigate the subchronic toxicity of cadmium in rats. Wistar rats were dosed for 3 months with 0, 50, 150, or 250ppm cadmium chloride (CdCl2) dissolved in deionized drinking water. The results showed reduced water consumption and body weight gain in treated rats with increasing doses. The percentages of relative weight of liver, kidney, spleen, and testis were significantly increased, but the testicular ratio was decreased in the 250ppm CdCl2-treated male rat satellite group. The values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume were lower in the treated rats in accompany with hypochromic microcytic anemia. The mean values of blood sugar were reduced while those of creatinine were increased in the CdCl2-treated groups. A dose-related increase of cadmium was seen in the blood and tissues with the highest concentration in the liver and kidney, followed by the spleen, lung, bone, testis, and brain. The data indicate that cadmium can cause hypoglycemia and accumulated renal tubular toxicity in rats. Grossly, there was a slight enlargement in the kidney and spleen; testicular swelling or atrophy was found in male rats treated with 250ppm CdCl2. Histopathologically, the affected kidney showed hydropic degeneration and focal interstitial nephritis. Necrosis, atrophy, multinucleated giant cells, and reduced or total absence of sperm were noted in the injured testicular seminiferous tubules and epididymis. The results indicate that kidney and testis are the main target organs of subchronic cadmium toxicity in rats.