臺灣白鼻狸貓之Xylazine-Ketamine麻醉與Yohimbine之拮抗作用

本研究的目的在觀察臺灣白鼻狸貓對xylazine（XYL）-ketamine（KET）合併麻醉之反應以及yohimbine（YOH）對XYL-KET麻醉之拮抗效果。使用成年臺灣白鼻狸貓進行各種XYL-KET組合劑量之麻醉實驗，包括XYL（40mg╱mL）和KET（50mg╱mL）以1：1（1mL或2mL）、2：3（1mL或2mL）之比例與劑量給藥，或給予XYL-KET之組合劑量： 5mg╱kg-10 mg╱kg、5mg╱kg-15 mg╱kg或5mg╱kg-20 mg╱kg。實驗結果以XYL（5mg╱kg）和KET（20mg╱kg）併用之效果最好。經atropine （0.05mg╱kg）前處理之動物，可在上述之組合劑量肌肉注射後2.2±0.2分鐘發生共濟失調和4.0±0.3分鐘失去翻正反射。在注射後5分鐘，動物均失去眼瞼反射、角膜反射和針剌反射。麻醉時間可維持49-78分鐘。麻醉期間，所有狸貓之骨骼肌鬆弛良好。動物自麻醉恢復之現象平穩。在注射XYL（5mg╱kg）KET（20mg╱kg）後30分鐘，分別由靜脈給予生理食鹽水（0.4mL，對照組）或不同劑量之YOH（0.1％ w╱v溶液，0.0625、0.125或0.25mg╱kg），以觀察狸貓自XYL-KET麻醉之恢復情形。對照組需要34.7±5.1分鐘，可恢復翻正反射。YOH處理組則均可明顯縮短狸貓恢復翻正反射時間，有依劑量增加而縮短麻醉時間的現象。動物在回復翻正反射後，皆未再呈深鎮靜或麻醉狀態。不過，低劑量組（0.0625mg╱kg）回復翻正反射時間之個體變異大（5.2-21.9分鐘），而高劑量組（0.25mg╱kg）之動物在回復翻正反射後的呼吸速率與心跳速率明顯增加。因此，由本實驗之結果顯示XYL（5mg╱kg）-KET（20mg╱kg）可適用於麻醉臺灣白鼻狸貓，且YOH（0.125mg╱kg）可有助於控制XYL-KET麻醉的時間。

關鍵字

臺灣白鼻狸貓；麻醉； ketamine ； xylazine ； yohimbine

並列摘要

To study the anesthetic effect of xylazine (XYL)-ketamine (KET) combinations and the antagonism by yohimbine (YOH) in Paguma larvata taivana (Formosan masked civet), adult civets were anesthetized using various dosages, including 1 or 2 mL of 1:1 or 2:3 ratio of XYL (40 mg/kg)- KET (50 mg/kg), or XYL-KET combinations in 5-10, 5-15 or 5-20 mg/kg. The combination of XYL at 5 mg/kg and KET at 20 mg/kg had the best anesthetic effect. After IM injections of XYL (5 mg/kg)-KET (20 mg/kg), the atropinized (0.05 mg/kg, IM) animals produced incoordination and lost the righting reflex in 2.2 ±0.2 and 4.0 ± 0.3 minutes, respectively. The drug combination produced negative response to palpebral, corneal and needle prick reflexes in all the tested civets 5 minutes after administration. The duration of anesthesia lasted for 49-78 minutes. The civets showed good skeletal muscle relaxation and recovered from the anesthesia smoothly. 30 minutes after injections, the civets were given saline (0.4 mL, control group) or YOH (0.1% w/v solution; 0.0625, 0.125 or 0.25 mg/kg), IV, respectively, to evaluate the antagonistic effect of YOH on XYL-KET anesthesia. The civets in the control group needed 34.7 ± 5.1 minutes to regain the righting reflex. In contrast, all YOH-treated civets showed significantly shortened recovery period from anesthesia in a dose-dependent manner. The animals did not relapse into deep sedated state or anesthesia after the recovery. However, the reversal effect of low YOH dose (0.0625 mg/kg) had a wide range of 5.3- 21.9 minutes. In addition, the respiratory and heart rates increased markedly in high-YOH-does (0.25 mg/kg)-treated civets after the recovery from anesthesia. Therefore, this study indicated that a combination of XYL (5 mg/kg)-KET (20 mg/kg) is adequate to induce anesthesia in Paguma larvata taivana and YOH (0.125 mg/kg) can be used to control the duration of the XYL-KET anesthesia.

並列關鍵字

Anesthesia ； Ketamine ； Paguma larvata taivana ； Xylazine ； Yohimbine

國際替代計量

臺灣白鼻狸貓之Xylazine-Ketamine麻醉與Yohimbine之拮抗作用

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