台灣的氣候變化－氣溫和降水

Climate Variation in Taiwan-Temperature and Precipitation

吳明進(Ming-Chin Wu)

《大氣科學》 20卷4期 (1992/12) Pp. 295-318

摘要

為了解台灣長期氣候變化的特徵，選用台灣地區有比較長觀測資料的九個測站，分析其逐月1901－1990逐月平均氣溫和降水，並佐以COADS的船舶觀測的海面溫度和海面氣溫的分析。結果顯示氣溫全年有上升趨勢，但冬季不明顯，夏半年則以五月及七至十月最顯著，此和降水趨勢的氣候相關一致。降水秋季和冬季東部增加但西南部減少，全年降水則有東部北部增加，西南部減少的趨勢，降水趨勢的季節分佈和降水類型的季節分佈一致。另外以全省16個測站，1942－1991，50年平均氣溫和降水資料，做進一步的經驗正交函數分析，證實上述的90年資料分析的結果。

關鍵字

台灣的氣溫夏季升高 ； 降水東部 ； 東北部增加 ； 西南部減少

並列摘要

In order to reveal the characteristics of the climatic variation in Taiwan, we analyze the temperature and precipitation of the 9 stations with longer record as well as the sea surface temperature and air temperature of the ship observation from COADS. The results indicate that the temperature has a significantly upward trend, but not in the winter. The most significant trend appear in the summer half year, especially May and July through October. This tendency is consistant with the precipitation climatology. The precipitation in fall and winter increased over the Eastern Taiwan but decreased over the South-Western Taiwan. The annual rainfall tends to increase in the Eastern & Northern Taiwan but decrease in South-Western Taiwan. The seasonal distribution in the precipitation long-term trend is consistant with the pattern of the precipitation seasonal distribution. Furthermore, the empirical orthogoral function analysis is applied to the 50 years, 1942-1991, record of monthly mean temperature and precipitation of the 16 stations. The results confirms the conclusion reached by the 90 years record analysis.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan ； temperature increased during summer ； precipitation increased in the East and Northeast ； decreased in the Southwest