無線感測網路技術進行森林氣溫與相對濕度觀測之先驅實驗

Preliminary Study of Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Observation around Forest with Wireless Sensor Network Technology

賴彥任(Yen-Jen Lai) ； 邱祈榮(Chyi-Rong Chiou) ； 魏聰輝(Tsong-Huei Wey) ； 沈介文(Chien-Wen Shen) ； 林清儒(Ching-Ru Lin)

《大氣科學》 35卷2期 (2007/06) Pp. 119-133

摘要

綜觀天氣之氣象測站的環境空曠度需求，無法適用於森林之微氣象觀測。本研究嘗試利用30個Tmote Sky無線感測網路系統，於溪頭森林生態自然教育園區進行林外與林內氣溫與相對濕度之微氣象監測先驅性實驗。實驗結果顯示，無線感測網路系統的概念，能監測不同林分與空曠地之微氣象氣溫與相對濕度時序變化特徵，滿足森林氣象與生態觀測的結合需求。現有Tmote Sky系統的缺點仍有2項：(1)Tmote Sky之溫濕度感測計對通風遮罩有敏感性選擇，系統之觀測誤差分別為氣溫±1.11℃與相對濕度±1.87%；(2)資料回傳成功率隨跳接數增加而遞減，耗電量隨之而增加，本系統回傳成功率在90%~10%之間。由於無線感測網路技術與硬體快速發展與改進，完全適用於戶外使用之產品應是指日可待。

關鍵字

微氣象 ； 無線感測網路

並列摘要

The standard open-area meteorological station setup requirements for synoptic weather observation could not be applied to the micro-meteorological observation inside the forest. To solve the above-mentioned problem, the purpose of this earlier-stage experiment was trying to create a new system based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) which included 30 Tmote Sky nodes to monitor temperature-R.H. variances on different landscape patches at Sitou Ecosystem Education Area of National Taiwan University Experimental Forest. The results indicated the concept of WSN could be used for forestry and ecological temperature-R.H. observation both inside and outside forest. However, the results also showed the WSN hardware, Tmote Sky, could be overestimated if the sensor was not located inside a well-designed radiation shield to avoid direct solar radiation effect. The observed errors of air temperature and R.H. of this system were ±1.11℃ and ±1.87% respectively. Another disadvantage of this network was the more the data transfer hop counts, the more the power consumption and the less the data yield rate. The transfer yield rate of this system ranged from 90% to 10%. Due to both WSN technology and hardware are developing and improving speedily, the new designed product for field use could be expected soon in the future.

並列關鍵字

Micrometeorology ； Wireless sensor network