探討海岸地區溢油污染及清理方式之生態風險評估

The Study on Ecological Risk Assessment Applied to Oil-Spill Pollutions and Cleanups at Coastal Zone

陳宜清(Y.-C. Chen) ； 張慶正(C.-J. Chang)

《環境保護》 28卷2期 (2005/12) Pp. 111-134

https://doi.org/10.30017/EP.200512.0001

摘要

墾丁國家公園龍坑生態保護區受擱淺貨輪滲漏燃油污染，由於清理時效延宕造成污染擴大，危及海岸珊瑚礁生態，然而反觀於國內並無一套可資運用工具來評估生態之受損風險，對於長期之影響也未能確實評估，因而有必要加強此一方面之研究。「生態風險評估」提供具有系統性及原則性之架構與方法，能可靠預測生態反應之危機潛勢，補強環境影響評估不夠嚴謹之缺陷。本研究主要著重於問題形成階段之架構建立，首先確定施壓源及受壓體相互關係，確定所關切的問題是什麼。接著，列出施壓源之各類可能暴露途徑及其衍生之相關影響問題，以及列出受壓體在不同污染源及其暴露途徑下之可能產生的不良反應，尋找其間相關性來連結出特定施壓源、暴露途徑、受壓體及效應之一貫因果關聯。由引用充分證據來再確認因果關係，如此可選定此一程序中之具代表性的評估目標及設定容易量化的評估終結點。最後再建立概念模式，以區塊箭頭等圖形化聯結來串聯縱向及橫向之各個程序，由直線向之因果關係演化至全面性整體評估。本研究就珊瑚礁生態系敏感地帶之溢油污染及清理方式，來探討生態風險問題及建立適當之台灣本土性生態風險評估基本架構，期望未來能再配合以風險估計及風險管理來消彌可能之生態風險。

關鍵字

生態風險評估 ； 評估終結點 ； 溢油污染 ； 珊瑚礁生態系

並列摘要

The Lungken eco-protection area of Kenting National Park was polluted by oil-spills from a stranded cargo boat and precious coral reefs was in danger of sticky oil and clean-ups. It is so depressed that no proper assessment tools can be applied to explore the impairments as well as long-term effects on ecosystem in Taiwan. Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) demonstrates a systematized framework to predict the potential risks of ecological adversity more confidently that might be less concerned through Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). In this study the setup of framework is concentrated on problem formulation stage. Firstly, the concerned problems are posed and stressor-receptor correlations are confirmed. Furthermore, most adverse reactions through different exposure pathways are listed and checked to link the caused relationship such as stressor-exposure-receptor-effect. The cause-effects are identified by confident evidences, and then, assessment goals as well as quantified assessment endpoints could be set. Finally, a conceptual model is constructed by series longitudinal and lateral connection of sequences with pictorial blocks and arrows. The primary framework of overall assessment is therefore setup. The oil-spill pollution and cleanup impacts for sensible coastal area, such as coral reefs are concerned here. The ecological risks are discussed and specified assessment criteria and frameworks are described for setting up localized assessment tool in Taiwan. Risk estimation and management are necessary as well for future works in risk mitigation and remediation.

並列關鍵字

ecological risk assessment ERA ； assessment endpoints ； oil-spill pollutions ； coral reefs ecosystem