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柴油車惰轉排氣中粒狀與氣狀污染物之研究

Particulate and Gas Pollutants in the Exhaust of Diesel Engines in Idle

摘要


The sampling programs and in situ measurements were executed at the diesel-examination stations of the Taichung Protection Bureau. The exhaust from 21 light-duty and 11 heavy-duty vehicles in idle was taken for analysis of the particulate and the gas phase of pollutants. The results showed that the concentrations of PM10 in the exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles were significantly (p=0.036) higher than those of light-duty vehicles. A very high percentage of carbonaceous materials (60%) in PM10 was found for both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC, p=0.007) and hydrocarbons (HC, p=0.002) in the exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles were significantly higher than those of light-duty vehicles. However, the concentrations of CO2 in the exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those of light-duty vehicles. These results indicated that the exhaust components of light-duty vehicles were burned more completely than those of heavy-duty vehicles. The sum concentrations of CO and CO2 were below 3% indicating that the vehicles being examined had been modified by the drivers. Under this condition, the exhaust components of the vehicles being examined might not truly represent the normal exhaust of diesel vehicles. In addition, very high relationships between elemental carbon (EC) and smoke were found for both light-duty vehicles (p=0.907) and heavy-duty vehicles (p=0.850). These results showed that elemental carbon was probably the leading cause of the blackness of diesel exhaust.

並列摘要


The sampling programs and in situ measurements were executed at the diesel-examination stations of the Taichung Protection Bureau. The exhaust from 21 light-duty and 11 heavy-duty vehicles in idle was taken for analysis of the particulate and the gas phase of pollutants. The results showed that the concentrations of PM10 in the exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles were significantly (p=0.036) higher than those of light-duty vehicles. A very high percentage of carbonaceous materials (60%) in PM10 was found for both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC, p=0.007) and hydrocarbons (HC, p=0.002) in the exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles were significantly higher than those of light-duty vehicles. However, the concentrations of CO2 in the exhaust of heavy-duty vehicles were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those of light-duty vehicles. These results indicated that the exhaust components of light-duty vehicles were burned more completely than those of heavy-duty vehicles. The sum concentrations of CO and CO2 were below 3% indicating that the vehicles being examined had been modified by the drivers. Under this condition, the exhaust components of the vehicles being examined might not truly represent the normal exhaust of diesel vehicles. In addition, very high relationships between elemental carbon (EC) and smoke were found for both light-duty vehicles (p=0.907) and heavy-duty vehicles (p=0.850). These results showed that elemental carbon was probably the leading cause of the blackness of diesel exhaust.

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