從眾聲靜默到七絕典範一讀者對〈江南逢李龜年〉的接受與闡釋

〈江南逢李龜年〉是杜甫詩中具指標性意義的詩篇，此說在現當代的古典詩評論中已形成共識。但當代對於古典詩歌的期待視野，受到明清詩學意見的影響極大，往前推溯，〈江南逢李龜年〉在明清時期應仍是受到讀者注目的作品。而清代的黃生在還評唐詩時，卻稱「杜有此七言絕，而選者多忽之，信識真者之少也」。有宋一代，杜甫就確立了「詩聖」的地位，在中國詩史上的影響無人可及。他的詩怎麼會受到「選者多忽之」的待遇？而當代學者普遍認同的杜甫代表作，又為何會受到i畫家的忽視？此乃值得探索的詩學論題。本文將以接受美學的角度切入，分接受與關釋兩項主軸，進行論題解析。接受部分，將通過歷代唐詩選本對〈江南逢李龜年〉的選評，呈現其接受效應。藉由歷時性的檢視，則可釐析此詩被認識與經典化的歷程。闡釋部分，則將重點放在此詩意義潛能被掘發的歷程。探究不同時代的讀者在各自期待視野的制約下，如何擴充或改變接受之鏈上的文本意義；而當代對此詩的解讀又是如何發展？這些問題的釐析，將可有助於理解與呈現〈江南逢李龜年〉的闡釋史。

關鍵字

唐代；七絕；杜甫；杜詩；江南逢李龜年；接受美學

並列摘要

The consensus of opinion in contemporary criticism of classical poetry regards ”Meeting Li Guinian by Chance South of the Yangtze 江南逢李龜年” as one of Du Fu's 杜甫(712-770) most significant poems. However, the contemporary horizon of expectations has been greatly influenced by the views of Ming-Qing scholars of classic poetry. During the Ming and Qing, the poem was held in favorable regard by readers; nevertheless, when compiling an anthology of Tang dynasty poetry, Huang Sheng 黃生(1622-1696) noted: ”Du Fu has this seven character quatrain, but editors of poetry anthologies have mostly ignored it, and very few people have real appreciation for it.” During the Song dynasty, Du Fu became firmly established as a 'sage poet,' and has had an unrivalled impact on the history of Chinese poetry. Why then was his poetry largely ignored by compilers of anthologies? And why did editors overlook poems widely regarded by contemporary scholars as among Du Fu's masterpieces? These are questions worth exploring.This paper applies reception theory to examine these questions from two distinct perspectives: reception and interpretation. The reception of ”Meeting Li Guinian by Chance South of the Yangtze” is revealed by its inclusion or omission in anthologies of Tang poetry. Because this inclusion or omission can itself be said to be a form of criticism, by examining this phenomenon over time, the course of the poem's recognition and elevation to classic status can be clearly determined. To examine its interpretation, the paper will focus on the process of discovery of the potential meanings of the poem. Reception theory states that the potential meanings of a poem cannot possibly be exhausted in any era or by any reader. Under the constraints of their own horizons of expectations, how did readers of different periods extend or change the accepted meaning of the text; and how did the contemporary reading of this poem develop? Thorough analysis of these issues will help our understanding of Du Fu's poem ”Meeting Li Guinian by Chance South of the Yangtze” and reveal its interpretative history.