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雁皮蘇打法製漿與漂白之研究

The Study of Pulping Process and Bleaching of Gampi (Winstroemia silkokiana)

摘要


本研究之目的旨在以菲律賓進口之雁皮為試材,探討雁皮纖維以開放式常壓蘇打法製漿後,次以次氯酸鈉及穩定型二氧化氯漂白劑進行單段及兩段式漂白處理,分析雁皮紙漿品質,期獲致最適製漿及漂白條件。蘇打製漿法製造之雁皮紙漿,總收率及精漿收率最高分別可達53.1%及52.7%。單從紙漿總收率及精漿收率言之,最適蒸解藥劑用藥量為15%及蒸解時間90min。雁皮蘇打未漂漿白度最高為46.4%G.E.,而紙漿卡巴值46~50。次氯酸鈉單段漂白時,隨用藥量增加,紙漿卡巴值降低,最大降幅達45.4%;惟最終紙漿白度僅68%G.E.;且紙漿黏度會下降。穩定型二氧化氯單段漂白,隨用藥量增加,紙漿卡巴值呈下降趨勢。紙漿白度增加率較漂前提升72~75%。惟以添加2%者增幅最顯著。用藥量8%時,紙漿白度可達市售商品最低要求70%G.E.以上。次氯酸鈉-穩定型二氧化氯兩段漂白時,紙漿卡巴值隨穩定型二氧化氯用藥量增加而減少,其中又以用藥量2%者降幅最大。用藥量4%時,紙漿白度已可達市售商品要求之70%G.E.以上。而用藥量8%者,紙漿白度可增至80%G.E.。又前段次氯酸鈉漂後紙漿黏度僅約11cp,次經穩定型二氧化氯漂白後,紙漿黏度仍可維持約11cp。至於穩定型二氧化氯-次氯酸鈉兩段漂白時,當未添加次氯酸鈉時,紙漿白度約75%G.E.,5%用藥量時,紙漿白度可提升至80%G.E.左右;紙漿卡巴值最大可降至9左右。

並列摘要


The objective of this work is to study the optimum bleaching conditions for Gampi soda pulp. To search for a more practical process, soda pulping was carried out with sodium hydroxide at ambient condition. Pulp qualities were evaluated after single and two-stage bleaching with sodium hypochlorite (H) and/or stabilized chlorine dioxide (SCD). The highest total yield and screened pulp yield were 53.1% and 52.7%. Optimum pulping conditions for the highest total yield and screened pulp yield was 15% NaOH and 90min cooking time. The best brightness obtained in this study for the unbleached pulp was 46.4% G.E.. Its Kappa numbers were decreasing to around 46~50 with increasing NaClO charges in a single stage bleaching process, and 45.4% of maximum decrease was observed. In the meanwhile, pulp brightness increased to as high as 68% G.E., with 58.7% of increase observed. The viscosity of the pulp, at the same time, decreased. The Kappa no. decreased with increasing chemical charges when SCD was applied in a single stage bleaching. The resulting pulp exhibited a 72-75% decrease of brightness, which was most distinct with 2% application of SCD. Pulp brightness achieved 70% G.E., labeled as the minimum requirement of commercial handmade Gampi paper. The application of SCD almost showed ineffective on the viscosity of pulp. The Kappa number decreased with the increasing chemical charges in NaClO-SCD two-stage bleaching. The most effective SCD dosage to attain maximum decrease of Kappa number was 2%. The brightness of pulp achieved 70% G.E. with 4% SCD applied, while the brightness of pulp raised up to 80% G.E. after an application of 8% SCD. The viscosity of the pulp was about 11cp after the first stage NaClO treatment, the value maintained unchanged even after being treated with second stage SCD. For the SCD-NaClO two stage treatment, the brightness reached 80% G. E for 5% SCD. The lowest Kappa number of the pulp was 9.

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