混農林業政策及法令分析

Analysis of Agroforestry Policy, Law, and Decree

林明鏘(Ming-Chiang Lin)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 25卷4期 (2011/12) Pp. 223-233

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.201112_25(4).0001

摘要

於森林內為農業經營行為（諸如：種植蔬菜、水果或茶葉、花卉等行為），森林法及國家公園法中雖未明文加以禁止，惟仍不得違反「國土保安」之主要目標。「混農林業」乙詞，不僅法無明文，而且亦與區域計畫法施行細則，非都市土地使用管制規則附表一的使用限制，直接牴觸，所以除非修改區域計畫法或森林法，否則「混農林業」並非法所允許之林地使用項目。在立法策略上，短期可於森林法中增設數條「混農林業」許可制並配合修正相關法規；長期而言，為森林之永續發展，仍宜逐年減少混農面積。在政策評估上，應慎重考量林地開放農業經營後，若經評估結果認為農業行為與林業經營無法兼籌並顧，或對國土保安目標衝擊過大時，則似宜維持目前法律規範之現狀，禁止混農林業之出現。臺大實驗林內之所轄區域面積雖高達32,785公頃，但其地質均屬不適宜為農作之高度脆弱敏感地形，每年颱風侵襲都造成該區域內相當嚴重之地層滑動與崩塌即可證明，因此，區域內之合法或違法之墾農，政策上似宜逐年收回不再具有保育森林能力之林農或林地，編列預算予以徵收或補償解除（終止）契約。德國聯邦森林法第9條規定之混農林業許可制，可供我國未來修改森林法第9條之參考，凡位於保安林或休閒林內之森林，一律禁止申請混農使用，而且縱使許可混農使用，亦應增訂期限附款，於混農使用一段期限後，回復造林。

關鍵字

混農林業 ； 政策評估 ； 林地開放農業經營

並列摘要

Despite prohibition agriculture in forest is not clearly documented in the Forestry Act and the National Park Act, the primary goal of preserving the integrity of national lands shall not be abandoned practically. In fact, the word ”Agroforestry” is not only unseen in current code, but the concept itself has contradicts the land use restrictions in the Non-Urban Land Use and Control Rules and the Enforcement Rules of the Regional Plan Act directly. Therefore, unless the Regional Plan Act and the Forestry Act are amended, agroforestry approach is not legal to forest land use. Hence, from the legislative perspective, the short-term plan is to establish ”agroforestry approval mechanism” by adding several provisions into the Forestry Act. Nevertheless, considering the sustainable development in forest, the best long-term plan should be reducing the amount of agroforestry usage gradually. In respect of policy decision, if the evaluation indicates that agriculture and forestry could not coexist or agroforestry heavily impact the national lands, the current legal situation must be maintained. In other words, agroforestry shall be entirely prohibited.In spite of 32,785 hectare of national forest is administered by the National Taiwan University Experimental Forest (NTUEF), the geological condition of NTUEF is in fact fragile and sensitive. The high frequency of landslide during the Typhoon season is definitely a proof. Therefore, The NTUEF should recall the forest by compensating for contracted owners.The Article 9 of the Germany Federal Forestry Act could serve as a reference that states any use of agroforestry in the conservation forest or recreation forest should be prohibited. Agroforestry may be practiced in ordinary forest only if the administrative agency has approved in advance. Once the approval was expired, re-forestation shall be implemented.

並列關鍵字

Agroforestry ； Policy evaluation ； Practicing agriculture on forestry lands