IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF SLOPELAND FARM MACHINERY IN TAIWAN

台灣坡地農業機械之改良與發展

涂本玉(Pen-Yu Tu)

《中華水土保持學報》 18卷1期 (1987/05) Pp. 3-13

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.198705_18(1).0001

摘要

Taiwan is dominated by slopelands which account for two-thirds o f the total area. The slopeland farming has an important position in the whole agriculture. However, as most slopelands are of steep slope and irregular terrain, the slopeland farming encounters difficulties in connection with hard farming work, low labor productivity, high production cost, and inadequate land use. Improvement and development of slopeland farm machinery which are suitable to the slopeland conditions could relieve the hard work and enhance the labor productivity in slopeland farming. Meanwhile, profitable farm production and rational land use could be secured through promotion of slopeland farm mechanization. In Taiwan, a program for improvement and development of slopeland farm machinery has been implemented since 1977. Under the program research and extension work were conducted by the concerned units with emphasis placed on machinery most needed for production of tree-fruits since the tree-fruits were the major crop on slopeland. With a view to meeting the requirement in terms of labor-saving, priorities were given on machinery for such practices as pest control, transportation, tree-fruits harvesting and pruning, mowing and others which are highly labor -demanded without the use of machinery. The program has made good progress. Important slopeland machinery improved and developed include various types of motor-carts, the cable-drawn monorail, the air-blast sprayer, the IC-controlled automatic pipeline spraying system, the cable-drawn shaker, the pneumatic clippers, the slopeland 4-wheel nower and the multi-use slopeland tractor. Among these machinery, the multi-use slopeland tractor is the most promising one for its good slopeland working performance and the unique feature of multi-purpose use in hole-digging, mowing, cultivation, transportation, and different types of spraying. Being a new technology and involved in complicated conditions, the improvement and development of slopeland farm machinery needs financial and technical support from the government and concerned units. One or more slopeland farm machinery centers be set up so as to concentrate efforts for ensuring substantial results.

並列摘要

台灣土地總面積2/3以上爲山坡地，其中屬於山坡地保育利用範圍內適宜作農牧利用的面積爲45萬餘公頃，目前已種植作物的面積已有33萬餘公頃，佔台灣耕地面積1/3，可見坡地農業在整個農業生產上居於一個重要的地位。但台灣山坡地太多爲陡坡地，以改耕作困難，勞動生產力低落，農業生產收益偏低等問題，因而影響坡地農業的發展與農民生活的改善。為促進坡地農業之發展，首要之圖，應爲針對坡地農業利用問題，改良與發展坡地農業機械，推展坡地農業機械化，以節省人工，降低成本，擴大農業經營規模，提高農業生産性，使坡地農業經營臻於合理化。本報告分別就台灣山坡地之分佈與農業利用概況，機械在坡地上作業之特性與限度，坡地農業機械之改良與發展，土地利用型態之調整，機械化作業體系之建立，以及推行坡地農業機械化之措施作系統性之敍述與探討。