石門水庫集水區河川系統之研究

A Study on the Stream System of Shi-Meng Reservior Watershed

阮香蘭(Hsiang-Lan Juan) ； 何智武(Neal-Chihwu Ho) ； 呂建華(Cheng-Hua Leu)

《中華水土保持學報》 23卷2期 (1992/11) Pp. 13-28

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199211_23(2).0002

摘要

逕流洪峯量與河道輸砂一直為水文研究之重要課題，對於其相關之研究，傳統上係利用水力演算，但因受限於自然環境之變異性，只能求得局部之解決。依據河相學之基本理論，每一集水區均有其獨特之地形、地質、地貌等特性，而此地文環境或直接、或間接地影響水文環境，導致集水區內河川之逕流、沖刷，亦展現獨特之效應。1945年，Horton氏首倡河川級序之定義，並利用數百河川對其河川型態之統計分析而導衍河川級序定律，對於河相之探討頗有助益。又近年來地理資訊系統發展蓬勃，對於集水區地文特性之計算及三度空間之分析，均可精確且快速求得使得此方面之研究又見推廣。本研究即利用地理資訊系統及計量地形之技術，分析石門水庫集水區之地文及河道特性，希望以集水區為單元。對其洪流與輸砂特性作整體性之輸出。

並列摘要

For a watershed, the hillalope receives percipitation and supplies overland surface flow. These overland flows merge into stream and thus channels grow and develop to drain the runoff. It is nevertheless true that growing channela dissect the landscape and hence fix the hillslope patterns. In other words, for a stream network to exist, there must be sufficient water delivered and corresponding sediment removed from the watershed. The use of stream ordering in stream morphology presented by E.R. Horton in 1945 initiated the studies on stream morphology. This concept is the main frame in modern stream morphology-Recently, geographical information systems technologies have been widely used in analyzing spatial data in order to better manage natural resourees on the world. Since GIs is able to do the 3-D analyses on both watershed geomorphology and morphology, the quantitative concerns in watershed topographical features can be resonalbly managed. This research thus selects Shi-Meng reservoir watershed and used Horton's stream order concept together with the morphometric analysis based upon GIS to find the relationships between flood runoff and stream system.