酸性硫酸鹽土壤特性及其分布之研究

Characteristics and Distributions of Acid Sulfate Soils of Slopeland in Taiwan

林昭遠(Chao-Yuan Lin) ； 林文賜(Wen-Si Lin)

《中華水土保持學報》 26卷2期 (1995/06) Pp. 69-77

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199506_26(2).0001

摘要

酸性硫酸鹽土壤主要是含大量還原性硫化物之煤層或頁岩層，經開挖裸露後，因硫氧化產生硫酸，使土壤呈極強酸反應，此類地區土壤之pH值多半低於2〜3，其強酸性會導致岩塊與水土保持工程構造物蝕壞，溶解出大量之重金屬，除不利於植物之生長以外，其逕流或滲漏水注入河川，會導致河川水質劣化。臺灣北部山坡地爲酸性硫酸鹽土壤潛在分布地區，採礦、高爾夫球場等大面積之坡地開發，易將地層中還原性硫化物之煤層或頁岩層挖出，土層因氧化形成酸性硫酸鹽土壤，加上臺灣北部山區係屬亞熱帶重濕氣候，土壤中若存有大量硫酸鹽物質，不當之開發，豐沛雨水易將土層中之酸性物質淋出，對周遭環境之衝擊甚大。由於酸性硫酸鹽土壤會抑制大部分入侵植物之生長，長期間植生演替結果會形成鑲嵌型草生地，此種鑲嵌型草生地之植物社會可做爲劃定酸性硫酸鹽土壤潛在分布之指標。本研究係利用植生、礦區及氣候等基本圖檔，套疊分析臺灣地區酸性硫酸鹽土壤之潛在分布範圍，俾供坡地開發之參考。

關鍵字

酸性硫酸鹽土壤 ； 草生地 ； 坡地 ； 地理資訊系統

並列摘要

Sulfidic sediments are usually found in the coal and/or shale layers of slopeland in several countries including Taiwan. Due to slopeland development, acid sulfate soils resulting from the oxidation of sulfur are unfavorable for plant growth and revegetation. They can contribute to the collapse of engineering structures and the pollution of streams and rivers. Because the soils are strongly acidic, they could retard the growth of invasion plants and hinder the succession of plant communities. Mosaic pattern of grassland can be formed and exist for a long period of time. Therefore, areas of grasslands that exhibit poor succession of vegetation may be indicators for delineating the spatial distribution of acid sulfate soils. In this paper, an application with using landscape attributes to evaluate the distribution of acid sulfate soils in slopeland of northern Taiwan is presented. The methodology is based on successive overlay of landscape data in a geographic information systems.

並列關鍵字

Acid Sulfate Soils ； Grassland ； Slopeland ； GIS