Coping with Hydro-meteorological Disasters: the Role of Watershed Management

因應氣象災害集水區經營所扮演的角色

傅魯克(Kenneth N. Brooks)

《中華水土保持學報》 29卷3期 (1998/09) Pp. 219-231

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199809_29(3).0005

摘要

Achieving sustainable land and water management is hampered by hydro meteorological extremes such as typhoons, floods and droughts. Few parts of the world are epared from euch extremes. The magnitude of economic and ecological disasters that result from extreme event are linked to, and compounded by, people use of land and water, as illustrated with examples from Taiwan and the United States. Minimizing the effects of hydro-meteorological extremes usually involves options of modifying the natural system, changing human behavior or both. Risks and uncertainties associated with such options are discussed. New perspectives within the established framework of watershed management are presented as a means of coping with hydro-meteorological extremes and achieving sustainable land and water use.

關鍵字

sustainable development ； hydro-meteorological extremes ； watershed management ； risk ； uncertainty

並列摘要

水與土兩大自然資源常受颱風，洪水及乾旱等不尋常的水文氣象因子所影響，而無法達成永續經營的目的。世界上不受此等極端氣候現象困擾的地方幾乎闕如。茲例舉若干台灣及美國的例子，以佐證，“氣象水文極端事件對經濟及生態所造成危害的程度，與人類對水土資源的利用方式及處理態度息息相關且互為因果”。欲減輕此等極端水文事件所造成的影響，可藉調整自然系統，改變人類行為或兩者雙管齊下同時採行。本文對選取上述方法可能遭遇的風險及規劃推估時的不確定因素，均詳加討論，並介紹在集水區整體經營的架構下，因應極端水文事件進而達到水土永續利用的一些新展望。

並列關鍵字

永續發展 ； 氣象水文極端事件 ； 集水區經營風險 ； 不確定性