水理分析方法於野溪治理規劃之探討

Hydraulic Analysis Methods Mountain Stream Regulation Planning

曾明性(Ming-Hseng Tseng)

《中華水土保持學報》 30卷1期 (1999/03) Pp. 77-85

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199903_30(1).0008

摘要

台灣河川由於坡陡流急，斷面形狀變異大等特性，加上雨量集中充沛及人爲開發破壞等因素，導致野溪之流況變化頗大，超臨界流與亞臨界流之相互轉換，常見於野溪治理規劃之河段上，由於此種穿臨界混合流況之存在，目前一般通用水理分析軟體並無法有效處理此類問題，使得野溪治理規劃上相關之水理分析更形複雜與困難。本文針對水平水躍。斜坡水躍，跌水及多重水躍與跌水等四種案例，分別應用定量等速流（曼寧公式），定量非等速流（迴水演算）及動力波演算等三種水理分析方法進行水面剖線之計算，並初步探討其差異性及適宜性；最後並應用動力波演算模式進行一個變量流洪水演算案例之計算探討。

關鍵字

野溪治理 ； 水理分析 ； 定量等速流 ； 定量非等速流 ； 動力波

並列摘要

Flows changing from supercritical to subcritical or conversely often occur in mountain stream. This situation is characteristic of mountainous island environment such as that of Taiwan. A number of difficult problems are often encountered in practical application of hydraulic analysis in mountain stream regulation planning. For instance, most commercial hydrodynamic software cannot simulate such transcritical mixed-flow regimes. In this paper, four test cases, including horizontal hydraulic jump, sloping hydraulic jump, hydraulic drop, and multiple hydraulic jumps and drop, are presented to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of three different hydraulic analysis methods. These methods include steady uniform flow (Manning formula), steady non-uniform flow (backwater computation) and dynamic wave theorem. The applicability and performances of these three hydraulic analysis methods are also compared. Finally, the dynamic wave model is employed to simulate an unsteady flood routing case.

並列關鍵字

mountain stream regulation planning ； hydraulic analysis ； steady uniform flow ； steady non-uniform flow ； dynamic wave