生態工法與水理參數之量化關係探討

Quantifying the Relationship Between Stream Physical Parameters and Ecological Conservation

林鎮洋(Jen-Yang Lin) ； 李祖川(Tsu-Chuan Lee)

《中華水土保持學報》 32卷1期 (2001/03) Pp. 67-77

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.200103_32(1).0008

摘要

河溪系統是集水區管理中最基本且最重要的單元，台灣地區海拔100公尺以上之高山丘陵地佔全台面積71％，山勢險峻，河溪治理防災工作長久以來便持續進行。根據觀察，這些集水區河溪治理工程往往較注重安全性和實用性，而較少考慮生態環境因素。近年來隨著國人環保意識的提昇及民眾戶外休閒旅遊的激增，大規模河溪環境親水綠美化工作遂逐步受到重視，如宜蘭冬山河親水公園、台北市虎山溪、內厝溪、貴子坑溪等，但嚴格來說部份設施僅爲了安全、親水、景觀需求而設計，仍少考慮到環境生態層面，這些設施充其量只是「概念性的生態工法」。因此兼顧安全、景觀、水質水量、親水及生態而發展出符合保育需求之生態工法，乃時勢之所趨，值得進一步研究。本文歸納近年國內外生態工法研究成果，藉由生態調查資料較爲豐富之七家灣溪，探討河溪流況、流速、流量及水深等水理特性與生態保育之關係，希望由關鍵水理參數之確認，進而融入工程設計規範中，使工程施工能兼顧生態環境，藉此提高工程設計水準，累積豐富的施工經驗，以期順利推動近自然生態工法，營造土木與環境雙贏的局面。

關鍵字

生態工法 ； 焦點生物 ； 生態指標 ； 水理參數

並列摘要

Taiwan is a mountainous island nation, with more than 71 percent of its land area covered by mountains or hills 100 meters or higher in elevation. Due to stability concerns, traditional river engineering work has always emphasized on safe and practical designs, but not necessarily ecology or environment friendly ones. In recent years, however, environmental awareness and the demand for outdoor recreation have risen rapidly. Large-scale river ＂beautification＂ projects have received considerable attention and many have been implemented. Examples include the Tongshan River Park in I-LAN County and several urban creeks around Taipei City. On the other hand, still relatively few projects are designed for maintaining ecological balance or habitat protection and restoration. In this paper, a brief description of the status of activities regarding ＂ecological engineering methods＂ in Taiwan is given. A case example, i.e., efforts made for saving the endangered Formosan Salmon is described, with emphasis on the quantification of the relationship between stream physical parameters and habitat requirements for the treasured fish.

並列關鍵字

ecological engineering method ； flagship species ； ecological criteria ； hydrologic criteria