Indexing of Bamboo Mosaic Virus and Extension of Virus-free Clones/Plants

竹類嵌紋病發生調查與無病毒綠竹苗示範推廣

葉忠川(C. C. Yeh) ； 鄭安秀(A. H. Cheng) ； 黃和炎(H. Y. Hwang)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 29期 (1992/12) Pp. 82-88

https://doi.org/10.29558/XLZY.199212.0006

摘要

本試驗之目的在調查本省麻竹及綠竹主要栽培地區被嵌紋毒素病危害的情形，並在新化分場設立綠竹無病毒母樹園，以提供無病毒苗供筍農栽培，以及評估嵌紋病毒對綠竹筍品質及產量之影響。從1989到1992年間，在農委會經費補助下，利用目測葉片上之嵌紋病徵及ELISA的方法在全省主要栽培區調查發病情形。普通綠竹，五股地區幾近100%被感染，竹山地區為81%，關廟地區為98.4%，佳里地區為91.7%，民雄、大林地區為67.4%，白河、東山地區為24.9%，但在大溪地區二次之調查均未發現有病株。麻竹，在古坑、斗南地區為65.2%，民雄、大林地區為66.3%，白河、東山地區為47.3%。烏殼綠竹發病較輕，僅在民雄地區及佳里地區分別發現有2.2及6.4%植株受感染，白河及關廟地區種植較少，也未發現病株。1990年從各地調查獲得之無病毒株經ELISA確定後，在新化分場之處女地新種植一母樹園共計96株，每月利用ELISA方法測定一次，到目前並未發現有被感染現象，1991及1992年從本母樹園共提供820株健康苗給農民，其中台中有100株，民雄150株，關廟550株及屏東20株。另外從母樹園所獲得之健康苗也於1990年4月在關廟歐茂進農友之新植田種植的66株，做為示範觀摩與評估病毒對竹筍產量與品質之影響，附近同時新植之竹園則採用一般有嵌紋病之竹苗，其土壤及管理皆相似做為對照園，示範圃中有6叢後來發現被感染，立即剷除，目前尚有60叢，並且每月調查一次。在影響產量及品質之評估方面，60叢所採收鮮筍之重量，在1991年健株及病株分別為1,865公斤及957公斤，1992年分別為2,427公斤及1,972公斤，亦即兩年病株產量分別減產48.7%及18.7%。竹筍品質包括竹筍底徑、筍長、筍重、截切力及固形物，健株所採的筍均優於病株者。

關鍵字

竹類嵌紋病毒 ； 無病毒苗

並列摘要

This study was undertaken to survey the occurrence of bamboo mosaic virus in the major growing areas of ma bamboo (Dendroclamus latiflorus Munro.) and green bamboo (Bambusa oldhami Munro.), to set up a green bamboo nursery to produce virus-free clones/plants for the farmers, and to evaluate the effect of virus on the yield and quality of green bamboo shoots. Eye-inspection and/or ELISA methods were periodically used for the survey of the disease. In general, incidence on green bamboo was more severe than that on rna bamboo. The percent of infection on native green bamboo based on visual symptoms varied 10 locations: with almost 100% in Wuku, 98.4% in Kuanmiao, 91.7% in Chiali, 81% in Chushan, 67.4% in Minghsiung and Talin, 24.9% in Paiho and Tungshan, and no infection observed in Tashi. Native ma bamboo was found with 66.3% infection in Minghsiung and Talin, 65.2% in Kukeng and Tounan and 47.3% in Phaiho and Tungshan. Wuko green bamboo was found with 6.4% infection in Chiali, 2.2% in Minghsiung and Talin, and no infection observed in Paiho and Kuanmiao. A nursery with 96 virus-free mother clones/plants was started at Hsinhua Branch Station in 1990. The following two years, this nursery produced 820 virus-free clones for the farmers. Yield of the bamboo shoot from diseased plants in 1991 and 1992 were 48.7% and 18.7%, respectively, less than that from healthy plants and the quality from healthy plants was much better.

並列關鍵字

bamboo mosaic virus ； virus-free clones/plants