水晶花臺南2號之育成

Breeding of a Limonium cultivar 'Tainan No.2'

張元聰(Chang, Y. T.)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 71期 (2018/06) Pp. 12-21

摘要

本研究之目的在選育早花水晶花(Limonium hybrids)品種以適合亞熱帶地區栽培。商業品種「黃鑽」開花需冷性高，必須於高冷地栽培，生產成本高，將其與臺灣原生且能週年開花之石蓯蓉[L. sinense (Girard) Kuntze]雜交，選拔開花品質優良之早花後代和商業品種進行性狀與開花之比較試驗。將具10-15片葉之早花品種「臺南2號」及「黃鑽」組培苗，置於日夜溫15/10或35/30℃之生長箱，結果顯示，定植前處理15/10℃會使所選育早花品種「臺南2號」較「黃鑽」早10天開花，花莖亦較長。而定植前35/30℃處理會使「臺南2號」到開花時間較15/10℃處理者晚約10天，然「黃鑽」經高溫處理者至定植150天時仍未開花。另將「臺南2號」及99SC4、99SC5、100SC1、100SC2、100SC3等5個早花選系與商業品種「黃鑽」、「粉鑽」及「白鑽」組培苗進行相同定植前溫度處理再定植於溫室。結果顯示除早花選系99SC5外，定植前高溫處理會使參試品種/系到達開花時間延後，且除早花選系99SC4及3個商業品種外，其他參試早花品種/系花莖數不會因定植前高溫處理而顯著減少。選育品種「臺南2號」花萼黃色且到開花時間早，適合在亞熱帶氣候條件下生產切花，臺灣平地可在10月種植而於冬季價格最好的時候開花，供應市場需求。現有技術：臺灣引進的水晶花為荷蘭種苗公司利用數個補血草屬原生種雜交所育成，開花需冷性高，臺灣平地冬季的溫度仍不足以使其開花，農民不再種植。創新內容：以人工低溫處理商業品種使開花後，雜交臺灣原生的品種，再經數年早花選拔，得到開花需冷性低且切花品質優良的新品種。對產業影響：使臺灣能經濟栽培水晶花，提供市場新花卉，促進產業發展。

關鍵字

切花 ； 早花選種 ； 補血草屬 ； 春化作用

並列摘要

This study is attempted to select low vernalization-requiring Limonium cultivars/lines for production in subtropical area. High vernalization requiring cultivar 'Yellow Diamond' was crossed with L. sinense (Girard) Kuntze, a Taiwan-native species with year-round flowering characteristics. The selected early flowering hybrids and 'Yellow Diamond' were mass-propagated by tissue culture. When the plants had 10-15 leaves, they were transferred to the pre-planting growth chambers at day/night temperatures of 15/10 and 35/30°C. Plants of 'Tainan 2' flowered 10 d earlier and had longer inflorescences than 'Yellow Diamond' for the 15/10°C pre-planting treatment. Flowering of 'Tainan 2' at 35/30°C was delayed by 10 d compared with those at 15/10°C. In contrast, 'Yellow Diamond' plants did not flower after 150 d of cultivation after the 35/30°C treatment. Tissue-cultured plants of early flowering selected lines 'Tainan 2', 99SC4, 99SC5, 100SC1, 100SC2, 100SC3, and commercial varieties 'Yellow Diamond', 'Pink Diamond', 'White Diamond' were given the same pre-planting treatment. Results indicated all cultivars/lines had delayed flowering time at 35/30°C when compared with those at 15/10°C, except early flowering selected line 99SC5. Moreover, number of inflorescence per plant of all tested early flowering selected lines except 99SC4 did not decrease when pre-treated at 35/30°C. In contrast, three tested commercial cultivars tend to had decreased inflorescence number when pre-treated at 35/30°C. 'Tainan 2' has yellow calyx and is selected for cut flower production in subtropical climates. In the lowland area of Taiwan, 'Tainan 2' can be planted in October and flower naturally in the winter get a good price. What is already known on this subject? The Limonium hybrids crossed from several original species were introduced from the Netherland seeding company. The commercial cultivars require cold to flowering. The temperature of winter is not cold enough, so they cannot flower in lowland area of Taiwan. Farmers no longer plant those varieties. What are the new findings? The commercial varieties were first treated with coldness to enhance flower and were crossed with Taiwan-native species. Selective breeding have new cultivars that need less cold requirement and they were found with high quality characteristic of flower through several generations. What is the expected impact on this field? New cultivar could flower under natural temperature in lowland area of Taiwan. This can promoted the development of the industry.

並列關鍵字

cut flower ； early-flowering selection ； Limonium sinuatum ； vernalization