結球萵苣畦內一次施肥取代多次追肥效益評估

Efficiency evaluation on single application of fertilizer in ridge to substitute multiple topdressings for iceberg lettuce production

謝明憲(Hsieh, M. H.) ； 林經偉(J. W. Lin) ； 江汶錦(W. J. Jiang) ； 李健(C. Lee)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 71期 (2018/06) Pp. 34-45

摘要

研究目的為降低外銷結球萵苣生產專區因不同農戶肥培差異而影響產量及品質之穩定性，亦減輕肥料價格上漲及施肥人力短缺之衝擊。研究策略為比較三要素不同配比之肥料在定植前於畦內一次施用與定植後人工多次追肥之產量差異。結果顯示2016年11月6日及翌年3月15日定植後約43日採收，每0.1公頃於畦內局部一次施用80或60公斤肥與對照組三次追施240公斤肥於平均葉球重間無差異。12月25日定植後54～59日採收，每0.1公頃於畦內一次施120公斤肥料處理，雖與對照組三次追肥300公斤者在平均葉球重間無差異，但畦內一次施60公斤肥料處理，僅施平均量肥料及高氮鉀比肥料者與對照組在平均葉球重間無差異。本研究結果證實於畦內一次施肥具有取代多次追肥之效益，且減少肥料施用量達50%以上。現有技術：結球萵苣傳統栽培模式採多次追肥，供植株生長所需營養，目前雖有應用緩釋肥料之一次施用技術，但因價格約為一般肥料之8倍以上，故仍難大面積推廣應用於栽培期短於2個月之作物。創新內容：藉由作畦暨施肥曳引機同步作業之畦內一次施肥技術，證實其葉球重及品質不亞於採多次追肥之傳統栽培模式，並有效減少肥料施用量達50%。對產業影響：應用畦內局部一次施肥技術，可有效減少肥料施用量及降低人力短缺之衝擊，也有助於提升蔬菜產業競爭力。

關鍵字

結球萵苣 ； 畦內施肥 ； 節肥

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to stabilize the yield and quality of export iceberg lettuce production due to the differences of fertilization by various farmers. It was also to reduce the impact of fertilizer prices and labor shortages. The research strategy was to compare the head weight when using different three-element ratio fertilizers, which were fertilized in ridge one time before transplanting, as compared to the control of multiple topdressings after transplanting from fall to spring. The results showed that there was no significant difference in head weight between fertilizing in ridge (80 kg 0.1ha or 60 kg/0.1ha) and multiple topdressing (240 kg/0.1ha) treatments. The lettuce was transplanted on November 6, 2016 and April 15, 2017, and harvested about 43 days after transplanting. The winter trial was transplanted on December 25, 2016, and harvested after about 54-59 days. There was no significant difference in head weight between fertilizing in ridge one time (120 kg/0.1ha) and multiple topdressing (302 kg/0.1ha) treatments. However, when the amount of fertilizer was 60 kg/0.1ha, only in the fertilization with an equal element ratio and high nitrogen / low potassium ratio, no significant difference was observed in head weight between fertilizing in ridge one time and multiple topdressing treatments. The results of this study proved that fertilizing in ridge one time could replace multiple topdressings and reduce the fertilizer application amount by more than 50%. What is already known on this subject? The conventional cultivation of iceberg lettuce uses topdressing fertilizer. At present, some farmers use slow-release fertilizer, but the price is about 8 times higher than that of the ordinary commercial fertilizer. It is still difficult to promote the use of slow-release fertilizer in a wide range of applications in crops with less than 2 months of cultivation. What are the new findings? This research has proved that the application of ordinary commercial fertilizers by using a technique of fertilizer application in ridge with a fertilizing and furrowing machine can reduce the amount of fertilizer by 50%. The head weight and quality of the single application were not less than those of multiple topdressings. What is the expected impact on this field? The use of this fertilizing technique can reduce fertilizer expenses and mitigate the problems of labor shortages in iceberg lettuce production for export and increase the competitiveness of this export vegetable industry.

並列關鍵字

Iceberg Lettuce ； fertilization in ridge ； reduce fertilizer