臺荷示範溫室小果番茄生產評估

Evaluation of cherry tomato production in the demonstration greenhouse

許涵鈞(Hsu, H. C.) ； 鍾瑞永(J. Y. Chung) ； 劉依昌(E. C. Liu)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 71期 (2018/06) Pp. 46-56

摘要

臺荷示範溫室為本場與荷蘭Wageningen大學共同合作，由荷方依據臺灣氣候條件所規劃，並由臺灣廠商施工建造。臺荷溫室引入噴霧系統及大面積天窗進行降溫，本研究評估於不同開窗比率下，噴霧對溫室降溫之效果，以及「玉女」、「Nectar」兩品種於示範溫室之生育與品質。結果顯示示範溫室在天窗全開、側窗開啟30%且啟動噴霧條件下，溫室內溫度與室外溫度相近。「玉女」、「Nectar」兩品種於試驗期間總產量分別為3,031公斤/分地及2,202公斤/分地；在果實品質方面「玉女」之平均可溶性固形物含量為9.1 °Brix，「Nectar」平均可溶性固形物含量為8.7 °Brix；兩參試品種尻腐病發生比例均低於10%。為利後續推廣，本研究將持續針對椰纖栽培管理模式之建立進行探討。現有技術：臺灣設施小果番茄栽培面積約有700公頃，以簡易防雨塑膠布搭配側捲揚為主，於高溫期以小面積天窗、遮陰網及內循環風扇減少設施內積熱。創新內容：本研究建立大面積通風天窗，同時以噴霧增加溫室內蒸發作用，達到移除熱空氣目標，試驗結果顯示溫室內溫度與室外溫度相近。對產業影響：配合適當栽培管理，期能推廣於農民使用，以達延長產期增加收益之目標。

關鍵字

小果番茄 ； 設施番茄 ； 噴霧降溫 ； 天窗

並列摘要

The demo greenhouse has designed by Wageningen University and constructed by local company. According to the climate in Taiwan, roof ventilation and misting system were usd in the greenhouse for cooling. This study estimated the cooling capacity under different percentage of roof ventilation and misting system. The result showed the inside greenhouse temperature was close to the outside when the misting system trigged and the roof ventilation was fully opened and only 30% side curtain opened. We also investigated the yield and quality of both varieties 'Rosada' and 'Nectar' to estimated the inside environment. The estimated yield of 'Rosada' and 'Nectar' was 3,031 kg/0.1ha and 2,202 kg/0.1ha respectively in five months. The average sugar content was 9.1 °Brix and 8.7 °Brix respectively for Rosada' and 'Nectar'. We also observed less than 10% of blossom-end- rot on both varieties. To extending the type of greenhouse we will focus on the establishment of coir cultivation system. What is already known on this subject? There are about 700 hectare of greenhouse tomato in Taiwan. Plastic facility with side curtain is the most popular greenhouse type for cherry tomato production. Small area of roof ventilation, shading curtain and circular fan were used to cope with the heat stress in the greenhouse. What are the new findings? In this study we used large area of roof ventilation and misting system in the tomato production greenhouse. According to the result, the inside temperature can be equal to that outside. It indicated that this type of cooling system can effetely remove the heat inside. What is the expected impact on this field? The yield should be increased by extending the production season in this type of greenhouse plus suitable management.

並列關鍵字

tomato ； greenhouse climate ； accumulation PAR ； accumulation temperature ； day and night difference