臺灣松柏目種毬形態特徵研究

Morphological Characteristics of Cones of Pinales in Taiwan

陳建帆(Chien-Fan Chen) ； 陳柏豪(Po-Hao Chen) ； 楊勝任(Sheng-Zehn Yang)

《國立臺灣博物館學刊》 70卷1期 (2017/03) Pp. 9-43

https://doi.org/10.6532/JNTM.2017.70(1).02

摘要

描述裸子植物松柏目種毬構造的術語有很多的同義名，致使影響了解種毬各部位的正確位置。本文彙整過去研究臺灣松柏目各科種毬所使用的術語，與被子植物種系發生學組網站的術語定義做比較，簡化其同義名以達成一致性並提出常用的術語。本文並說明臺灣產松柏目的松科、南洋杉科、羅漢松科、柏科、紅豆杉科的親緣關係。研究結果列出已使用的術語同義名，並根據APweb系統建議採用的術語予以整併，進而以推薦的術語列出5科的重要特徵。松柏目5科的演化與珠鱗與苞鱗的分離與融合程度，以及其數目的多寡有關。5科中松科的珠鱗與苞鱗分離非常明顯，南洋杉科的珠鱗與苞鱗部分或完全癒合。羅漢松科珠鱗單一著生1胚珠，珠鱗成肉質狀套皮癒合並覆蓋種子，多數苞鱗癒合成肉質狀種托。柏科的珠鱗較苞鱗小，與苞鱗合生，或珠鱗退化僅具苞鱗，苞鱗木質與肉質狀。紅豆杉科的珠鱗極為退化，僅存苞鱗，或無珠鱗與苞鱗。羅漢松科由肉質狀珠鱗圍繞著種子，柏科圓柏屬無珠鱗，肉質狀苞鱗與種子完全癒合，兩者為似假種皮，來自珠被的紅豆杉科則為假種皮。

關鍵字

苞鱗 ； 套皮 ； 大孢子囊穗 ； 珠鱗 ； 肉質種皮

並列摘要

The morphological terms used to describe cone structure in Gymnospermae have many synonyms, resulting in misunderstandings of the correct locations of various parts of the cones. The purposes of this study were to summarize the terminology used in describing Taiwanese Pinales, compare those terms with the term definitions on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (APweb) system, simplify the synonyms to attain consistency, and propose terms for common use. This study also aimed to explain the phylogeny among the five families of Pinales-Pinaceae, Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, and Taxaceae-in Taiwan. We list the synonyms that have been used for cone morphology, identify terms that can be consolidated according to the APweb system, and recommend diagnostic terms for the five families of Pinales. The phylogeny of the five families is related to the degree of separation or fusion of ovuliferous scales and bract scales in ovuliferous cones, along with the number of cone scales. The ovuliferous and bract scales are clearly separated in Pinaceae, and the two scales are partially or completely fused in Araucariaceae. In Podocarpaceae, only one ovule seats on an ovuliferous scale, which becomes a fleshy epimatium, fusing and covering the ovule, and most of the bract scales are fused to form a fleshy receptacle. In Cupressaceae, the ovuliferous scales are smaller than the bract scales, and always fuse with bracts or disappear; the bracts become woody or fleshy. In Taxaceae, ovuliferous scales are much reduced, only bract scales remain, or both types of scales are absent. The fleshy structure around the seed in Podocarpaceae and the genus Juniperus of Cupressaceae is termed the arilloid. It is derived from ovuliferous scales in Podocarpaceae and bract scales in Cupressaceae, whereas the analogous fleshy structure that originates from the integument in Taxaceae is called the aril.

並列關鍵字

bract scale ； epimatium ； megastrobilus ； ovuliferous ； sarcotesta

參考文獻

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