溫度對柑橘鳳蝶生長發育的影響

本研究探討柑橘鳳蝶（Papilio xuthus xuthus Linnaeus）（鱗翅目：鳳蝶科）在不同定溫下飼育的生物特性。將柑橘鳳蝶的卵分別放入15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃及35℃，80±5%RH，14L:10D（5:00開燈，19:00關燈）的恆溫恆濕生長箱，以賊仔樹（Tetradium glabrifolium）葉片單隻飼養至羽化為成蝶，每日觀察和記錄各蟲期的生長發育等生物特性。試驗結果，顯示本種卵在35℃時不孵化，15℃時孵化的幼蟲皆死亡；在20℃、25℃和30℃時，可完成整個生活史；但由卵發育至蛹然後羽化為成蝶的存活率僅20.0-28.8%。發育所需日數為35.30-80.93日，發育期隨著溫度升高而縮短，卵期的發育速率與溫度間存在迴歸直線關係。幼蟲的頭殼寬度隨齡期以平均1.47-1.52倍呈等比增加，幼蟲的體長隨齡期以平均1.58-1.67倍呈等比增長。綜合考量這些生物特性，得知柑橘鳳蝶的最佳飼養溫度為25℃。本試驗結果可供日後人工飼養、大量繁殖、教育和推廣應用之參考。

關鍵字

柑橘鳳蝶（Papilio xuthus xuthus）；溫度；生長發育；生物特性

並列摘要

We studied the biological characteristics of Chinese yellow swallowtail (Papilio xuthus xuthus Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) at fine constant temperatures. Fresh eggs of the Chinese yellow swallowtail were placed in a growth chamber under conditions of 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, and 35℃, with 80±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14 h light and 10 h darkness. Hatching larvae were individually reared with leaves of Japanese evodia (Tetradium glabrifolium), and their development times and other biological characteristics were recorded till adults. Results indicated that no eggs hatched at 35℃, and all hatching larvae died at 15℃. Chinese yellow swallowtail could complete whole life history under the rearing conditions at 20℃, 25℃, and 30℃. The survival rates from egg to adult emergence were 20.0-28.8%, and the average developmental periods were 35.30-80.93 days. Developmental periods decreased with the increase of temperatures. The development rates of the egg and the temperatures were correlated positively. The increments of the head capsule widths were almost the same in all moults, i.e., it maintained at a constant ratio of 1.47-1.52. Also, as the larval instar increased, the body length increased with the ratios of 1.58-1.67. According to these biological characteristics of Chinese yellow swallowtail, the best rearing temperature is 25℃. The results could provide information for artificial rearing, mass reproduction, education, and promotion application of this butterfly.