北部地區稻田耕作制度及灌溉方法對作物產量之影響研究

Effect of Cropping System and Irrigation Methods on Crops Yield in the Northern Area Paddy

林孟輝(Meng-Huei Lin) ； 辛仲文(Jong-Wen Hsin) ； 許苑培(Yuan-Pei Hsu)

《桃園區農業改良場研究報告》 35期 (1998/12) Pp. 1-10

https://doi.org/10.29567/ZHWHGX.199812.0001

摘要

為瞭解北部地區稻田耕作制度（雙期作水稻和水稻與甜玉米、甘薯輪作）及灌溉方法（適期灌溉、輪灌和續灌）對作物產量的影響，水稻以台農67號和台中秈10號，甜玉米以興農236號，甘薯以桃園1號為材料，於1997年第二期作（秋作）和1998年第一期作（春作）在新屋鄉進行試驗。試驗結果顯示，在水田中以續灌法所需之水量（第二期作為20,730 m^3/ha，第一期作為18,485 m^3/ha）明顯比輪灌法（第二期作為12,876 m^3/ha，第一期作為7,204 m^3/ha）及適期灌溉法（第二期作為12,740 m^3/ha，第一期作為12,791 m^3/ha）為高，然而其水稻之產量卻比適期灌溉法約降低2.4－6.0%，主要是有效分蘗及稔實率降低所致。至於輪灌法和續灌法影響水稻產量的原因，推測可能是在幼穗分化期間缺乏曬田的緣故。秋作甜玉米試區之用水量只需1,820 m^3/ha，只有水稻用水量的14.3%，秋作甘薯試區則為2,737 m^3/ha，佔水稻用水量的21.5%。因此本省在9月至翌年1月之秋冬季常缺水時期，旱作栽培應可節省灌溉用水。

關鍵字

耕作制度 ； 灌溉方法 ； 適期灌溉

並列摘要

Field experiments were conducted in the second crop of 1997 and first crop of 1998 to investigate the effect of cropping systems on crops yield in the northern area paddy. Three cropping systems, rice-rice, rice-upland crops, and upland crops-rice were involved in this experiment. Three irrigation methods, continous flow irrigation, rotation irrigation and timely irrigation methods were tested. The expimental results showed that the continous flow irrigation method always consumed more water (20,730 and 18485 m^3/ha for 1st crop of 1997 and 2nd crop of 1998, respectively) than rotation irrigation method (12,876 and 7,204 m^3/ha, respectively) and timely irrigation method (12,740 and 12,791 m^3/ha, respectively). Furthermore, the continous flow irrigation method decreased effective tiller number and seed setting of rice resulted in lower yeild (decreased 2.4-6.0% than timely method). The continous irrigation and rotation irrigation method decreased rice yield because it was without the soil-drying treatment during growth period. Then the best irrigation method is timely method which is kept various depth of water and suspension of water to dry on the field in growing season. Moreover time\y irrigation can not only get heigher production but also saved a lot of water.The experimental result also showed sweet com and sweet potato only need 1,820 m^3/ha and 2,737 m^3/ha for fall crop of 1997, respectively. Because there are dry season at autumn and winter in Taiwan. Thus in order to conserve water resource, we suggest that during dry season, from September to the January of next year, is the season for growing upland crops.

並列關鍵字

Cropping system ； Irrigation method ； Timely irrigation