長期照護中老人士氣之影響因素

Factors Influencing Morale Among the Elderly in Long-Term Care

林麗嬋(Li-Chan Lin) ； 歐美(Meei Ou) ； 吳肖琪(Shiao-Chi Wu)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 14卷6期 (1998/06) Pp. 357-366

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199806.0357

摘要

本研究之目的在探討長期照護中老人士氣的影響因素。研究對象為：1.參與衛生署實驗計劃之護理之家、日問照護中心及醫院附設之居家照護單位中年滿65歲以上的老人。2.能聽懂國語或台語。3.可以進行語言溝通者。4.滿足上述條件老人的家庭主要照顧者。樣本大小為老人87人；家庭主要照顧者 87 人；共計174人。研究結果顯示：87名老人士氣得分範圍從 2-19 分，平均士氣得分為11.71分。在老人的篡本特性中，除籍貫與照護模式外，其餘皆無顯著差異。也說是本省籍老人士氣顯著高於外省籍；日問照護老人的士氣顯著高於居家護理與護理之家。至於家庭主要照顧者的暮本特性，除曾經換過工作的主要照顧者，他們的照顧老人的士氣高過那些受不曾換過工作者照顧老人，其餘亦無顯著差異。相關分析顯示老人日常活動能力越高、士氣越高昂；主要照顧者感受社會支持越高、老人士氣也越高。以老人士氣為效標變項，將老人的籍貫、日常活動能力、照顧者感受社會支持、居家照護、護理之家、曾換工作、原無工作、照顧者性別＊照顧者教育程度等預測變項投入迴歸分析模式，結果顯示上述變項能解釋老人士氣30.78％的變異量。未來建議發展社區式日問照護中心以及提供家庭主要照顧者情緒支持。

並列摘要

The purpose of this research was to investi-gate the factors which influence morale among the elderly in long-term care. The sampling criteria for subjects were that they were (1) 65 years old or older and were residents or care recipients at a nursing home, day care or home care center which participated in the experimental project in Department of Health; (2) able to understand the Mandarin or Taiwanese language; (3) capable of verbal communication; and (4) family caregivers whose elder family met the above three requirements. A total sample of 174 subjects consisting of 87 elderly and 87 care- givers were chosen. Research findings revealed:
the mean score for morale for elderly in this study was 11.71 out of range 2-19. Except for birthplace and caring models, there was no significant difference among the elderly. The elderly born in Taiwan had significantly higher morale than those born in Mainland China. The elderly in day care had significantly higher morale than those in home care and nursing homes. No significant difference was found among family caregivers, except for family careInstitute
givers who had changed their job due to the demands of caring for elderly relations. Elderly in this situation showed significantly lower morale in the elderly whose family care- givers did not change jobs. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between the elderly’s level of daily activity and their morale level. Higher morale in the elderly was also found to be positively related to perceived higher levels of social support in family care- givers. In multiple regression, morale among the elderly was used as the criterion variable, while the variables of birth place, functional status, caregivers’ perceived social support, home care, nursing home, changed job, never having had a job, caregivers’ sex *caregivers’ educational level were used as predictors. The explanation variance achieved using the above research model was 30.78%. Recommendations derived from this study include suggesting the establishment of community adult day care centers to facilitate the elderly being able to stay within their communities, and to provide mental support for caregivers.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； morale ； long-term care